How many electrons will each element gain in forming an ion?
a. Nitrogen ______
b. Oxygen ________
c. Sulfur _______
d. bromine _______
Look for the elements in the periodic table. N is in group 5 (or 15 depending upon thesystem your prof is using) so it has five electrons in its outside shell. It needs 8 to complete the shell; therefore, it will add three electrons to make a N^-3 ion.
Oxygen is in group VI (or 16); it has 6 electrons and needs two more so it adds two to make the oxide -2 ion. Now you do the othersl.
a. Nitrogen: Well, when Nitrogen forms an ion, it wants to gain 3 electrons. You could say it's stepping up its electron game, going for a "triple play."
b. Oxygen: Oxygen, known for its love-hate relationship with electrons, will gain 2 electrons when it forms an ion. It just can't resist the attraction!
c. Sulfur: Sulfur is a bit of a magnet for electrons, so it tends to gain 2 electrons when it forms an ion. It's like a "double whammy" of electron acquisition for this element.
d. Bromine: Ah, bromine, the electron hoarder of the group. It happily welcomes and gains 1 electron when it forms an ion. It's like a "part-time electron collector."
Remember, these elements gain electrons when forming ions, but they don't have to share them. They prefer to keep them to themselves, like electron-grabbing little goblins.
To determine how many electrons each element will gain in forming an ion, we will look at the electron configuration of each element and consider their valence electrons.
a. Nitrogen: The electron configuration of nitrogen is 1s² 2s² 2p³. Nitrogen has 5 valence electrons. In order to achieve a stable octet (8 valence electrons), nitrogen will gain 3 electrons to form an ion with a charge of -3.
b. Oxygen: The electron configuration of oxygen is 1s² 2s² 2p⁴. Oxygen has 6 valence electrons. In order to achieve a stable octet, oxygen will gain 2 electrons to form an ion with a charge of -2.
c. Sulfur: The electron configuration of sulfur is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁴. Sulfur has 6 valence electrons. In order to achieve a stable octet, sulfur will gain 2 electrons to form an ion with a charge of -2.
d. Bromine: The electron configuration of bromine is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁵. Bromine has 7 valence electrons. In order to achieve a stable octet, bromine will gain 1 electron to form an ion with a charge of -1.
To determine the number of electrons gained by each element in the formation of an ion, you need to know the number of valence electrons in the neutral atom and its tendency to gain or lose electrons.
a. Nitrogen (N) has 5 valence electrons. It tends to gain 3 electrons to achieve a stable configuration like a noble gas. Therefore, Nitrogen will gain 3 electrons when forming an ion.
b. Oxygen (O) has 6 valence electrons. It tends to gain 2 electrons to achieve stability. Hence, Oxygen will gain 2 electrons when forming an ion.
c. Sulfur (S) has 6 valence electrons. It also tends to gain 2 electrons to achieve stability. Therefore, Sulfur will gain 2 electrons when forming an ion.
d. Bromine (Br) has 7 valence electrons. It tends to gain 1 electron to achieve stability like a noble gas. Thus, Bromine will gain 1 electron when forming an ion.
In summary:
a. Nitrogen will gain 3 electrons.
b. Oxygen will gain 2 electrons.
c. Sulfur will gain 2 electrons.
d. Bromine will gain 1 electron.
nitrogen=1
oxygen=2
sulfur=2
bromine=1