what were some of the ways in which social darwinism or the idea of survival of the fittest shaped american thought in the past?
In order to understand how Social Darwinism shaped American thought in the past, let's first clarify what Social Darwinism is. Social Darwinism is a term coined in the late 19th century to describe the application of Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection to human societies. It suggests that competition among individuals or nations leads to the survival of the fittest and the improvement of societies.
Here are some ways in which Social Darwinism influenced American thought in the past:
1. Justification of inequality: Social Darwinism provided a rationale for the existence of social and economic inequalities in America. The theory argued that natural diversity and competition were essential for societal progress, with the most capable individuals rising to the top, while weaker individuals were left behind. This thinking justified the concentration of wealth and power in the hands of a few.
2. Laissez-faire capitalism: Social Darwinism also influenced the development of laissez-faire capitalism in the United States. It promoted the idea that a free-market economy would naturally eliminate weaker businesses and reward the strongest ones. This belief was used to advocate against government regulations and interventions in the economy, favoring a hands-off approach.
3. Racism and eugenics: Social Darwinism was also used to justify racism and support eugenics policies. It led to the belief that certain races or ethnicities were more "fit" or superior to others. This notion was utilized to legitimize discriminatory practices, such as segregation, immigration restrictions, and even forced sterilization programs.
4. Individualism and self-reliance: Social Darwinism reinforced the value of individualism and self-reliance in American society. It emphasized that success or failure was solely determined by an individual's inherent abilities and effort, disregarding external factors like societal inequality or lack of opportunities. This emphasis on self-reliance and personal responsibility continues to shape American cultural and political discourse today.
To delve deeper into this topic, you may explore historical documents, writings, and speeches from figures associated with Social Darwinism, such as Herbert Spencer and William Graham Sumner. Additionally, reading about the broader social and historical context of the late 19th and early 20th centuries in America will provide a comprehensive understanding of how these ideas influenced American thought.
Social Darwinism promotes the idea that unsuccessful people don't deserve to succeed.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Darwinism