Describe 2 structures of a plant that help it survive living on the land.
Two structures of a plant that help it survive living on land are the root system and the cuticle.
1. Root system: The root system of a plant plays a crucial role in its survival on land. Roots anchor the plant in the soil, providing stability against wind and other environmental forces. They also absorb water and nutrients from the soil, which are essential for plant growth and metabolism. Roots have root hairs, tiny extensions that increase the surface area available for absorption, allowing the plant to maximize its uptake of water and nutrients.
To understand the root system, one can observe and examine the below-ground part of a plant. Carefully dig around the base of a plant and gently remove the soil to expose the roots. Notice the presence of different types of roots, such as taproots and fibrous roots. Observe their structure, color, and texture, and identify any root hairs present.
2. Cuticle: The cuticle is a waxy layer covering the aerial parts of plants, including stems, leaves, and flowers. It acts as a protective barrier against water loss, preventing excessive evaporation and dehydration. The cuticle also helps to reduce the impact of harmful UV radiation and prevents the penetration of pathogens and pests. It is an essential adaptation for plants living in dry environments, as it helps to retain moisture.
To study the cuticle, one can collect leaves or stems from a plant. Hold a leaf or stem up to the light and examine its surface. The cuticle will appear as a translucent, waxy layer on the outer surface. One can also use a microscope to observe the fine details of the cuticle, such as its thickness, arrangement of wax crystals, and any specialized structures like stomata, which allow gas exchange.
By understanding and studying these structures, one can appreciate how plants have adapted to survive on land and the specific functions they perform in supporting a plant's life on land.