what is all the components of scientific method in psychology? i got hypothesis, dependent ans independent, and the question is does television increase aggression? how to put it in the dependent and independent variable?? and how to set everything up? I need help. thank you, my project is in due 2 days.
This should start your project:
Ho: Violent programs on TV have no effect on viewer aggression.
Ha: Violent programs on TV increase viewer aggression.
An independent variable is the potential stimulus or cause, usually directly manipulated by the experimenter, so it could also be called a manipulative variable.
A dependent variable is the response or measure of results.
Extraneous variables — other than the independent variable — potentially can affect the dependent variable, so they must be controlled. If possible, you try to keep them constant between the experimental and control group.
The experimental group receives the independent variable.
The control group is similar to experimental, except it does not receive the independent variable. Extraneous variables are balanced between experimental and control groups.
Types of experiments
1. Single blind gives the control group a placebo — a substance that is inert, it has no physical effect. Subjects don't know if they are in experimental or control group to reduce placebo effect, a change in behavior solely due to believing that you are getting the independent variable.
2. Double blind keeps both subjects and experimenter ignorant of group setup. Distribution of the independent variable and placebo are controlled by third party. This controls for experimenter bias and self-fulfilling prophecy, which means that experimenters with particular expectations are likely to consciously or unconsciously to bias the experiment and influence it to conform to their expectations.
As an example, suppose you want to find out if fluorides reduce dental cavities. You would find two groups, trying to control the extraneous variables. Extraneous variables are found by surveying previous research in the area. In this case, you would match the groups in terms of previous history of cavities, diet and dental hygiene habits including how and how often they brush their teeth.
The experimental group would get toothpaste with the independent variable, the fluoride, while the control group would not have the fluoride in their toothpaste. The toothpaste without the fluoride would be the placebo.
The dependent variable would be the number of cavities after participating in the experiment for a time. The dependent variable indicates the results, but it is not the results. At the end of the experiment, both groups could have no change in cavities or one of the groups could have a greater reduction in cavities. (Of course, if the fluoride increased cavities, you wouldn't want to use it.) All of these varied results would be indicated in terms of the dependent variable.
If only the subjects do not know who is getting the fluoride, it is a single blind experiment. If both the subjects and experimenter do not know, it is a double blind.
Dr. Marquette is a researcher who studies the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information throughout life. What approach to cognitive development does she take?
information-processing
multidirectional
In the scientific method, there are several key components that are commonly used in psychological research. These components include:
1. Question/Problem: The first step is to clearly define the research question or problem that you want to investigate. In your case, the question is "Does television increase aggression?"
2. Hypothesis: A hypothesis is an educated guess or prediction about the relationship between variables. In your case, you might hypothesize that "Exposure to television leads to an increase in aggressive behavior."
3. Independent Variable: The independent variable is the factor that the researcher manipulates or controls to see its effect on the dependent variable. In your case, the independent variable would be "television exposure" or "amount of time spent watching television."
4. Dependent Variable: The dependent variable is the factor that is being measured or observed to determine the effect of the independent variable. In your case, the dependent variable would be "aggressive behavior" or "levels of aggression."
To set everything up for your project, you can follow these steps:
1. Clearly define and operationalize your variables: Specifically define what you mean by "television exposure" and "aggressive behavior" so that they can be measured objectively.
2. Develop a research design: Determine how you will gather data to test your hypothesis. You could use a controlled experiment, where you randomly assign participants to watch different amounts of television and then measure their aggression levels. Alternatively, you could use a correlational design to observe the relationship between television viewing habits and aggression levels, without manipulating the variables.
3. Select participants: Decide on the characteristics of the people you want to study, such as age, gender, or any other relevant factors. Ensure that your sample is representative and diverse.
4. Collect data: Use appropriate methods to measure both the independent and dependent variables. This can include surveys, observations, or experiments. Ensure the data collection process is objective and reliable.
5. Analyze data: Once you have collected your data, use statistical analysis techniques to determine if there is a correlation or a cause-effect relationship between television exposure and aggression.
6. Draw conclusions: Based on your data analysis, evaluate whether your hypothesis was supported or not. Interpret the findings and discuss their implications.
Remember to adhere to ethical guidelines and obtain informed consent when collecting data from participants. It's important to plan and conduct your research project with integrity and respect for all involved.
Good luck with your project!