Explain the focus on the idea of natural law as an extension of human nature during the conclusion of the seventeenth century.

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During the conclusion of the seventeenth century, there was a significant emphasis on the idea of natural law as an extension of human nature. To understand this, let's break it down into two parts: natural law and human nature.

1. Natural Law:
Natural law refers to a set of fundamental principles or moral rules that are believed to be inherent in the nature of the universe. These principles are considered to be universal and timeless, providing a guide for human behavior and the formation of legal systems.

2. Human Nature:
Human nature refers to the inherent characteristics, inclinations, and capacities of human beings. It encompasses the moral, psychological, and physical aspects that define who we are as individuals and as a species.

Now, with these definitions in mind, let's delve into the focus on the idea of natural law as an extension of human nature during the seventeenth century.

1. Context:
During the seventeenth century, Europe experienced significant upheavals, including religious conflicts, political revolutions, and the emergence of modern science. These changes prompted scholars, philosophers, and political thinkers to re-examine the role of humans in society and the nature of societal order.

2. Influence of Enlightenment:
The focus on natural law as an extension of human nature was greatly influenced by the Enlightenment movement, which emphasized reason, individualism, and secularism. Enlightenment thinkers sought to understand the world and human society through rational inquiry and observation, rather than relying solely on religious or traditional beliefs.

3. Rationality and Universality:
Enlightenment philosophers such as John Locke, Thomas Hobbes, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau argued that natural law was a rational construct that could be derived from human nature. They believed that humans have certain inherent rights and obligations that are universal and independent of any particular religious or political authority.

4. Harmonizing Individual and Society:
The focus on natural law as an extension of human nature aimed to establish a harmonious relationship between individuals and society. According to this perspective, by understanding and conforming to the principles of natural law, individuals would be able to live in and contribute to a just and orderly society.

In conclusion, during the conclusion of the seventeenth century, the focus on natural law as an extension of human nature emerged as a response to the societal changes and intellectual developments of the time. It sought to establish a rational and universal understanding of human rights and obligations, aiming to create a just and orderly society based on reason and individualism.