When sulfuric acid reacts with ammonia solution an ammonium salt and water are produced. Calculate the volume of 3mol/dm3 of acid required to react exactly with 25ml of a 2.5mol/dm3 of ammonia solution.
H2SO4 + 2NH3 ==> (NH4)2SO4
How many mols NH3 do you have? That is M x L = mols = ?
How many mols H2SO4 will it take to exactly react with the NH3? That will be 1/2 mols NH3 = ?
M H2SO4 = mols/dm^3
You know M and mols, solve for dm^3.
To calculate the volume of sulfuric acid required to react with ammonia solution, we need to use the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and ammonia (NH3):
H2SO4 + 2NH3 -> (NH4)2SO4
From the equation, we can see that 1 mole of sulfuric acid reacts with 2 moles of ammonia to produce 1 mole of ammonium sulfate.
First, convert the volume of the ammonia solution from milliliters (ml) to liters (dm3) by dividing by 1000:
25 ml = 25/1000 dm3 = 0.025 dm3
Next, calculate the number of moles of ammonia in the given volume:
Number of moles = concentration × volume
Number of moles = 2.5 mol/dm3 × 0.025 dm3 = 0.0625 moles
According to the balanced equation, for every 2 moles of ammonia, we need 1 mole of sulfuric acid. Therefore, the number of moles of sulfuric acid required will be half of the moles of ammonia:
Number of moles of sulfuric acid = 0.0625 moles ÷ 2 = 0.03125 moles
Finally, calculate the volume of sulfuric acid required using its concentration:
Volume = Number of moles ÷ concentration
Volume = 0.03125 moles ÷ 3 mol/dm3 = 0.01042 dm3 or 10.42 ml
Therefore, the volume of 3mol/dm3 of sulfuric acid required to react exactly with 25 ml of a 2.5mol/dm3 ammonia solution is approximately 10.42 ml.