Beginning with the function f(x) = log a^x, state what transformations were used on this to obtain the functions given below: (6 marks)

p(x) = - 5/8 loga^x
r(x) = log a(5 - x)
t(x) = 2 log a^2x

p: scale by 5/8, reflect in x-axis

r: translate x by 5, reflect about x=5
or, reflect in y-axis, then shift x by 5
t: contract x by a factor of 2, stretch y by a factor of 2