state farms in communist europe were run by:

a. small independent collectives
b. individuals
c. the government
d. specialists in enviromental science

I disagree.

Yes. It was the government.

c. the government

State farms in communist Europe were typically run by the government. In communist countries, the means of production, including agricultural land and farms, were owned and controlled by the state. The government would appoint administrators and officials to manage and oversee the operations of these state-owned farms. The goal was to achieve collective farming with the intention of promoting the common good rather than individual profit. This system aimed to ensure the equitable distribution of resources and eliminate social inequalities associated with private ownership. The government would make decisions regarding planning, production, and distribution of resources in these state farms.