4. Which of the following issues hinders efforts to achieve sustainability?

a. who will solve environmental problems
b. who is responsible for environmental problems
c. who pays the costs of implementing solutions
d. all of the above
D

8. Which of the following factors does NOT help predict future oil production and its future cost?
a. the number of oil refineries operating in the past
b. changes in technology
c. cost of obtaining fuel
d. number of oil deposits discovered
D?

30. In America, which of the following would increase energy efficiency?
a. using public transportation and developing more efficient engines for vehicles
b. turning thermostats down in winter and up in summer
c. insulating homes and businesses
d. all of the above
A?

31. Interference with photosynthesis and reduced crop yields in land plants are examples of the damaging effects of
a. greenhouse gases
b. the ozone layer
c. the climate
d. ultraviolet light
A?

33. A true statement about greenhouse gasses is that they
a. convert sunlight into heat energy that warms Earth
b. are concentrated in the stratosphere
c. trap heat that is radiated upward from Earth
d. are not affected by human activity
C?

Thanks

In order to find the correct answers to the questions, we will look at each option and eliminate the incorrect ones based on the information provided in each question.

For question 4, the options are:
a. who will solve environmental problems
b. who is responsible for environmental problems
c. who pays the costs of implementing solutions
d. all of the above

The correct answer is d. all of the above because all three options present issues that hinder efforts to achieve sustainability.

For question 8, the options are:
a. the number of oil refineries operating in the past
b. changes in technology
c. cost of obtaining fuel
d. number of oil deposits discovered

The correct answer is d. number of oil deposits discovered because it does not help predict future oil production and its future cost. The number of oil deposits discovered in the past does not necessarily reflect future production and cost.

For question 30, the options are:
a. using public transportation and developing more efficient engines for vehicles
b. turning thermostats down in winter and up in summer
c. insulating homes and businesses
d. all of the above

The correct answer is d. all of the above because all options listed would contribute to increasing energy efficiency in America.

For question 31, the options are:
a. greenhouse gases
b. the ozone layer
c. the climate
d. ultraviolet light

The correct answer is a. greenhouse gases because interference with photosynthesis and reduced crop yields in land plants are examples of damaging effects caused by greenhouse gases.

For question 33, the options are:
a. convert sunlight into heat energy that warms Earth
b. are concentrated in the stratosphere
c. trap heat that is radiated upward from Earth
d. are not affected by human activity

The correct answer is c. trap heat that is radiated upward from Earth because greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor, trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere by absorbing and re-emitting infrared radiation.

So the correct answers are:
4. d. all of the above
8. d. number of oil deposits discovered
30. d. all of the above
31. a. greenhouse gases
33. c. trap heat that is radiated upward from Earth