1. Read the following sentence.

The cars passing by are filled with commuters.

Which of the following sentences is NOT true?

(1 point)
The sentence includes a present participle.
The participial phrase modifies the word commuters.
The participial phrase is essential. No commas are needed.
The participial phrase is passing by.

2. Read the following sentence.
Family names derived from people's surroundings were common in the Middle Ages.

Which of the following sentences is NOT true?

(1 point)
The sentence includes a past participle.
The participial phrase modifies the words Middle Ages.
The participial phrase is essential. No commas are needed.
The participial phrase is derived from people's surroundings.

My answers:
1.b
2.c

Right.

To determine the correct answers, let's break down the sentences and analyze them individually.

1. Read the following sentence.
The cars passing by are filled with commuters.

The sentence includes a present participle. (True)
Explanation: A present participle is a verb form that ends in -ing, such as "passing" in this sentence.

The participial phrase modifies the word commuters. (True)
Explanation: The phrase "passing by" describes or modifies the noun "commuters," indicating the action or state of the commuters.

The participial phrase is essential. No commas are needed. (False)
Explanation: The participial phrase "passing by" is not essential to the sentence's meaning and could be omitted. However, if you choose to use it, a comma should be placed before and after the phrase to set it off.

The participial phrase is passing by. (True)
Explanation: The participial phrase itself is "passing by" since it contains the present participle "passing."

Based on the explanations, your answer for the first question is incorrect. The correct answer is:

1. The participial phrase is essential. No commas are needed. (False)

Let's move on to the second question:

2. Read the following sentence.
Family names derived from people's surroundings were common in the Middle Ages.

The sentence includes a past participle. (True)
Explanation: A past participle is a verb form typically ending in -ed, -en, or -d, as seen in the word "derived" in this sentence.

The participial phrase modifies the words Middle Ages. (True)
Explanation: The phrase "derived from people's surroundings" describes or modifies the noun phrase "Middle Ages," indicating the source or origin of the family names.

The participial phrase is essential. No commas are needed. (True)
Explanation: In this case, the participial phrase is essential to the meaning of the sentence. Omitting it would change the information conveyed.

The participial phrase is derived from people's surroundings. (True)
Explanation: The participial phrase itself is "derived from people's surroundings" since it contains the past participle "derived" along with its object.

Based on the explanations, your answer for the second question is incorrect. The correct answer is:

2. The participial phrase is essential. No commas are needed. (True)

Therefore, the corrected answers are:

1. The sentence includes a present participle. (True)
2. The participial phrase is essential. No commas are needed. (True)

1. Incorrect - The sentence includes a present participle.

2. Incorrect - The participial phrase is essential. No commas are needed.