What is the theoretical yield of ethyl chloride in the reaction of 20.2 of ethylene with 53 of hydrogen chloride?
no units.
To calculate the theoretical yield of ethyl chloride, we need to determine the limiting reagent first. The limiting reagent is the reactant that will be completely consumed and thereby limits the amount of product that can be formed.
Let's consider the balanced chemical equation for the reaction:
C2H4 + HCl → C2H5Cl
From the equation, we can see that 1 mole of ethylene (C2H4) reacts with 1 mole of hydrogen chloride (HCl) to form 1 mole of ethyl chloride (C2H5Cl).
To find the moles of ethylene and hydrogen chloride available, we need to convert the given masses into moles using their molar masses.
The molar mass of ethylene (C2H4) is:
2(12.01 g/mol) + 4(1.01 g/mol) = 28.05 g/mol
Therefore, the moles of ethylene can be calculated as:
Moles of ethylene = Mass of ethylene / Molar mass of ethylene
Moles of ethylene = 20.2 g / 28.05 g/mol
Next, let's calculate the moles of hydrogen chloride (HCl). The molar mass of hydrogen chloride (HCl) is:
1(1.01 g/mol) + 1(35.45 g/mol) = 36.46 g/mol
Hence, the moles of hydrogen chloride can be determined as:
Moles of hydrogen chloride = Mass of hydrogen chloride / Molar mass of hydrogen chloride
Moles of hydrogen chloride = 53 g / 36.46 g/mol
Now, we can compare the ratio of moles of ethylene to hydrogen chloride to determine the limiting reagent. The reactant with the lower ratio will be the limiting reagent.
Moles of ethylene / Moles of hydrogen chloride = (20.2 g / 28.05 g/mol) / (53 g / 36.46 g/mol)
Now, let's calculate this ratio to find the limiting reagent.
Once we determine the limiting reagent, we can use their corresponding moles to find the theoretical yield of ethyl chloride. Since the balanced equation tells us that 1 mole of ethylene reacts to form 1 mole of ethyl chloride, we can conclude that the moles of the limiting reagent will be the same as the moles of ethyl chloride produced.
Finally, to find the theoretical yield of ethyl chloride in grams, multiply the moles of ethyl chloride by its molar mass.
The molar mass of ethyl chloride (C2H5Cl) is:
2(12.01 g/mol) + 5(1.01 g/mol) + 1(35.45 g/mol) = 64.52 g/mol
Therefore, the theoretical yield of ethyl chloride in grams can be calculated as:
Theoretical yield of ethyl chloride = Moles of ethyl chloride * Molar mass of ethyl chloride
By following these steps, you can calculate the theoretical yield of ethyl chloride in the given reaction using the given mass of ethylene and hydrogen chloride.