explain why international tensions increased during the crisis over manchuria in 1931-1933?

During the crisis over Manchuria in 1931-1933, international tensions increased due to several key factors:

1. Invasion and Occupation of Manchuria by Japan: In September 1931, Japan launched a full-scale invasion of Manchuria, violating China's territorial integrity. This act of aggression created an immediate strain between Japan and China. The occupation of Manchuria by Japan signaled its ambitions for expansion and control over the region, which alarmed other major powers.

2. Failure of Collective Security: The crisis over Manchuria exposed the limitations and weaknesses of the League of Nations, an international organization established for maintaining world peace. Despite China's appeal for intervention to the League, it was unable to take decisive action against Japan due to a lack of unified support from member states. This failure eroded confidence in the League's ability to effectively address and resolve conflicts, escalating tensions.

3. National Interests and Competing Imperial Ambitions: Japan's invasion of Manchuria highlighted its imperial ambitions and its aim to secure vital resources and territories. This created a direct challenge to other imperial powers, particularly the Soviet Union, which had its own strategic interests in the region. The crisis further exacerbated the existing rivalry and competition for spheres of influence, contributing to mounting tensions between Japan, the Soviet Union, and other concerned powers like the United States and Great Britain.

4. Economic Factors: Manchuria was a resource-rich region with abundant reserves of coal, iron ore, and other valuable minerals. Controlling Manchuria provided Japan with access to these resources, boosting its economic power and military capability. This economic aspect of the crisis heightened concerns among other states, as it threatened existing economic interests and potentially disrupted global trade.

5. Nationalist Movements and Public Outrage: The crisis over Manchuria triggered strong nationalist sentiments both within Japan and other nations. In Japan, ultra-nationalist factions gained influence, advocating for further expansion and asserting Japan's dominance in Asia. Other countries, like China and the Soviet Union, faced public outrage over the invasion, which intensified tensions and fueled calls for retaliatory action.

Overall, the crisis over Manchuria in 1931-1933 witnessed a convergence of geopolitical, economic, and nationalistic factors, creating a volatile situation and leading to an increase in international tensions.