Are there hydgrogen bonds between water molecules in the liquid phase

No, and if there were, the water would just be ice (a solid).

Yes, and they are continually breaking and reforming.

Yes, but they rarely ocuur.

No, otherwise the water molecules would not be able to tumble over one another.

The correct answer is "Yes, and they are continually breaking and reforming."

Water molecules in the liquid phase do form hydrogen bonds with each other. These hydrogen bonds are partially electrostatic attractions between the positively charged hydrogen atom of one water molecule and the negatively charged oxygen atom of a neighboring water molecule. These bonds give water its unique properties, such as high boiling point, surface tension, and strong cohesion.

To determine this answer, you can refer to the properties of water and study the nature of hydrogen bonding. Hydrogen bonding occurs when hydrogen is covalently bonded to a highly electronegative atom (such as oxygen or nitrogen) and forms a weak attraction with another electronegative atom. In the case of water, oxygen atoms are covalently bonded to two hydrogen atoms, leading to the formation of hydrogen bonds with neighboring water molecules.

Experimental evidence, such as X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy, can also confirm the presence of hydrogen bonding between water molecules in the liquid phase.

The answer "No" (option 1 and option 4) is incorrect. If there were no hydrogen bonds between water molecules, the water would not exhibit its characteristic properties and would not remain in the liquid phase. If water doesn't have hydrogen bonds, the water molecules would not be able to form a three-dimensional network and, instead, would separate from each other, turning water into a gas.

The answer "Yes, but they rarely occur" (option 3) is also incorrect. Hydrogen bonding between water molecules is relatively common and occurs frequently. It is the continuous breaking and reforming of these hydrogen bonds that allows water molecules to freely move and tumble over one another, leading to the liquid phase.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Yes, and they are continually breaking and reforming" (option 2).