Thank you very much. Here is the second part I'd like you to check.
1) From his place Winston can read the three slogans of the Party: War is peace, freedom is slavery, ignorance is strength.
2) Each of these is of course either contradictory or the opposite of what we normally believe.
3) The slogans are analyzed in Goldstein’s book and embody the party. For instance, through constant war, the Party can keep domestic peace; when freedom is brought about, the people are enslaved to it, and the ignorance of the people is the strength of the Party.
4) This type of misuse of language is called doublethink. One consequence of doublethink is that the Party can rewrite history without impunity, for “The Party is never wrong”.
5) The keyword of doublethink is blackwhite. Like many Newspeak words, this word has two mutually contradictory meanings. Applied to an opponent, it means the habit of impudently claiming that black is white.
6) Applied to a Party member, it means a willingness to say that black is white but also the ability to believe that black is white foregetting forget that one has ever believed the contrary. This demands a continuous alteration of the past.
7) Can you help me explain why Orwell chose Winston as the name of his protagonist? His name has heroic connotation; his surname, however, makes him the man of the street, a sort of anti-hero. (Why his reference to Churchill??)
1) From his place Winston can read the three slogans of the Party: War is peace; freedom is slavery; ignorance is strength.
2) Each of these is contradictory to what we normally believe.
3) The slogans are analyzed in Goldstein’s book and embody the party. For instance, through constant war, the Party can keep domestic peace; when freedom exists, the people are enslaved to it; and the ignorance of the people is the strength of the Party.
4) This type of misuse of language is called doublethink. One consequence of doublethink is that the Party can rewrite history with impunity, for “The Party is never wrong.”
5) OK
6) Applied to a Party member, it means a willingness and ability to believe that black is white, forgetting that one has ever believed the contrary. This demands a continuous alteration of the past.
7) Can you help me explain why Orwell chose Winston as the name of his protagonist? His name has heroic connotation; his surname, however, makes him the man of the street, a sort of anti-hero. (Why his reference to Churchill??) I never read this work, so it's impossible to explain anything about it. However, these websites may give you some ideas.
http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/1984/
http://www.online-literature.com/orwell/1984/
http://pinkmonkey.com/search/orwell.asp
Orwell's choice of the name "Winston" for his protagonist in "1984" holds both a symbolic and historical significance. To understand why Orwell chose this name, we can explore a few possible explanations:
1) Symbolic Meaning: The name "Winston" may symbolize resistance and defiance against the oppressive Party regime. The character of Winston Smith represents the individual's rebellion against the totalitarian state. The name implies that Winston is the embodiment of resistance, challenging the Party's control and promoting the ideals of freedom and truth.
2) Historical Reference to Churchill: Orwell's choice of the name "Winston" could be a nod to Winston Churchill, the British Prime Minister during World War II. Churchill was known for his leadership, strong character, and resistance against Nazi Germany. By associating the name "Winston" with Churchill, Orwell might have aimed to evoke traits such as bravery, determination, and moral integrity in his protagonist.
3) Irony and Anti-heroic Depiction: Despite the heroic connotations associated with the name "Winston," Orwell pairs it with the surname "Smith," which is a common and unremarkable name. This contrast of the heroic and the mundane creates an irony and reinforces the idea that Winston is an ordinary man caught in an extraordinary situation. By using an anti-heroic surname, Orwell emphasizes the relatability of Winston's character, making him a representative of the common people who are affected by the Party's oppressive rule.
It is also worth noting that Orwell was critical of Churchill in some of his writings, particularly in his essay "England Your England." However, it is unclear if there is a direct historical reference to Churchill in the naming of Winston Smith. The connection could be speculative or coincidental.
In summary, Orwell likely chose the name "Winston" for his protagonist in "1984" to convey symbolism, historical references, irony, and a relatable depiction of an anti-hero resisting a totalitarian regime.