the essay needs to be proof read and any suggestions or corrections will be greatly helpful!
The Unbiased Killer
Caner is known as unbiased killer that knows no race, age or sex of it victims. The disease lung cancer is the Number one cause of cancer deaths for United States men and women. Lung Cancer takes millions of lives each year, some times without the slightest warning. Normally the cancer is first discovered on a routine chest X-ray or CT scan as a solitary small mass. The effect cancer has on an individual is defined by the severity of the cancerous symptoms and the treatment options chosen. There are various stages, treatment options, and effect the disease can impact on the individual and their loved ones. There are many options offered for people who had been given the diagnosis of lung cancer. Many times when people are faced with something as serious as a deadly cancer they might not know where to begin to look for help.
Stages of cancer are measured by the extent to which the cancer has spread in the body. Staging classifications are evaluated by the size of the cancer and its penetration into surrounding tissue ("Cancer Treatment Centers of America," 2011) Staging of cancer is critical in estimating the prognosis of a given patient. Higher stage cancers have a worse prognosis than lower-stage cancers. ("Web Md," 2011) Non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) are assigned a stage from one to four in order of the severity. The cancer is confined to the lung in stage one. In stage two the cancer is confined to the chest. The larger and more invasive tumors are classified as stage three ("Cancer Treatment Centers of America," 2011) Stage four cancers have already spread from the chest to other parts of the body. Small cell lung cancers (SCLC) are staged using a two-tiered system. Limited-stage (LS) SCLC is cancer confined to its area of origin in the chest. In extensive-stage (ES) SCLC, the cancer has spread pass the chest to other parts of the body. ("Web Md," 2011) Discovery of the cancer is sometimes called a coin lesion, since the round tumor looks like a coin on the x-rays. ("Cancer Treatment Centers of America," 2011 ("Web Md," 2011) A common paraneoplastic syndrome associated with SCLC is the production of a hormone called adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) by the cancer cells, leading to oversecretion of the hormone cortisol by the adrenal glands ("Web Md," 2011.) A frequent paraneoplastic syndrome seen with NSCLC is elevated levels of calcium in the bloodstream. ("Web Md," 2011) Common symptoms seen with lung cancer include weight loss, weakness, and fatigue. Psychological symptoms like depression and mood changes are common in patients.
The different treatment options for lung cancer involve surgical removal, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy. ("Web Md," 2011.) The decisions about treatments that are appropriate for the patient are based on the location and the health of the patient ("Cancer Treatment Centers of America," 2011.) Therapy may be prescribed is intended to be curative or palliative. Curative therapy is the removal of the cancer. Palliative therapy is the measures do not cure the cancer but could greatly reduce pain and suffering of the patient. There can be more than one type of therapy prescribed for the patient. Therapy added to enhance the effects of the primary therapy is called adjuvant therapy. For stage one and sometimes stage two NSCLC surgical removal of the tumor is performed. This is the treatment of choice for cancer that has not spread past the lung. ("Web Md," 2011.) Some lung cancers can be removed surgically. Recurrent cancer is confined to one spot in the lung can be treated with surgery. The removal of the cancer does not always result in a cure ("Web Md," 2011.) Surgery is not a common with SCLC because these tumors are not likely to be to one area for easy removal. The surgical procedure chosen depends upon the size and location of the tumor. Lung cancer surgery is a major surgical procedure that requires general anesthesia, hospitalization, and follow-up care for weeks to months ("Cancer Treatment Centers of America," 2011.) The risks associated with surgery are complications because of bleeding, infection, and complications of general anesthesia. Radiation therapy can be given as treatment for both NSCLC and SCLC. ("Web Md," 2011.) Radiation therapy uses high-energy X-rays or other types of radiation to kill the dividing cancer cells and shrink the tumors ("Cancer Treatment Centers of America," 2011.) The radiation can be delivered externally or internally by placing radioactive substances in sealed containers in the body where the tumor is located. Radiation therapy only shrinks or limits a tumors growth when it is the only treatment given. For people who take radiation therapy it can lead to long-term remission and palliation of the cancer ("Web Md," 2011.) Radiation therapy does not carry the risks of major surgery. It can cause unpleasant side effects such as fatigue and lack of energy. Chemotherapy is the administration of drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells by killing or preventing them from dividing. Chemotherapy is the top treatment choice for most SCLC cases, since the tumors are normally spread throughout the body ("Cancer Treatment Centers of America," 2011.) Chemotherapy is not always effective in treating NSCLC when it is the only treatment taken but can prolong survival in many cases. Chemotherapy can be given as pills, an intravenous infusion, or a combination of the two ("Web Md," 2011). Lung cancer that has returned after treatment is referred to as recurrent or relapsed ("Web Md," 2011.) Recurrent tumors generally do not respond to the chemotherapeutic drugs previously administered. ("Web Md," 2011.) The drugs erlotinib and gefitinib can be used for treatment when patients respond to chemotherapy. A newer therapy used for different types and stages of lung cancer is called photodynamic ("Cancer Treatment Centers of America," 2011.) Photodynamic treatment is the use of a photosynthesizing agent injected into the bloodstream a few hours prior to surgery ("Cancer Treatment Centers of America," 2011.) The agent is taken up in rapidly growing cells such as cancer cells. PDT has the advantage that it can precisely target the location of the cancer and is less invasive than surgery. ("Web Md," 2011). The drawback of PDT is that it is not suitable for treatment of extensive cancers. Radiofrequency ablation is being studied as an alternative to surgery in cases of early stage lung cancer. A needle is inserted through the skin into the cancer in this type of treatment ("Cancer Treatment Centers of America," 2011.) Electrical energy is transmitted to the tip of the needle where heat is produced in the tissues, killing the cancerous tissues. ("Web Md," 2011.) There is no therapy currently available ultimately effective in treating lung cancer. Patients may be offered a number of new therapies still in the experimental stage. ("Web Md," 2011.)
Symptoms of lung cancer varies depending on where and how widespread the tumor is. Warning signs of lung cancer are not always present or easily identified. ("Web Md," 2011.) A person with lung cancer may have no symptoms, symptoms related to the cancer, symptoms related to metastasis, paraneoplastic symptoms, and nonspecific symptoms. ("Cancer Treatment Centers of America," 2011). Most people who get lung cancer have no symptoms. The patients with small, single masses often have no symptoms at the time the cancer is discovered. Lung cancers are sometimes accompanied by symptoms that result from the production of hormone-like substances by the tumor cells. The growth of the cancer and invasion of lung tissues and surrounding tissue may interfere with breathing, leading to symptoms such as cough, shortness of breath, wheezing, chest pain, and coughing up blood. Lung cancer that has spread to the bones may produce excruciating pain at the sites ("Cancer Treatment Centers of America," 2011). Cancer that has spread to the brain may cause a number of neurologic symptoms that may include blurred vision, headaches, seizures, or symptoms of stroke such as weakness or loss of sensation in parts of the body. ("Web Md," 2011). Following surgery, patients may experience difficulty breathing, shortness of breath, pain, and weakness. The drugs used in chemotherapy also kill normally dividing cells in the body, leaving unpleasant side effects ("Cancer Treatment Centers of America," 2011). Damage to blood cells can result in increased of infections, difficulties clotting, fatigue, weight loss, hair loss, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and mouth sores.
Cancer is a very serious disease that should not be taken lightly. Cancer in general is a silent unbiased killer that takes the lives of millions of Americans each year. With the proper screenings that are available and preventative measures that can be taken, it can be detected and occasionally successfully treated in the early stages. There are various treatments options available for the treatment of lung cancer. The effect cancer has on an individual is defined by the severity of the cancerous symptoms and the treatment options chosen. Lung cancer not only affects the lives of the person diagnosed, it dramatically affects the family and others around the person as well.
You're absolutely right; your essay needs to be proofread! I'm sure you can find most of the mistakes yourself by reading it word for word aloud.
To get you started, here are the first two sentences with mistakes underlined.
Caner is known as _____ unbiased killer that knows no race, age or sex of it victims. The disease lung cancer is the Number one cause of cancer deaths for United States men and women.
Corrections:
Cancer is known as the unbiased killer; it does not discriminate in the race, age, or sex of it victims. Lung cancer is the number one cause of cancer deaths for United States men and women. Lung Cancer takes millions of lives each year, sometimes without the slightest warning. Usually the cancer is first discovered on a routine chest X-ray or CT scan as a solitary small mass. The effect that cancer has on an individual is defined by the severity of the cancerous symptoms and the treatment options chosen. There are various stages, treatment options, and effect the disease can impact on the individual and their loved ones.{I don't know what you are trying to say in the previous senstence.} There are many options offered for people who have been given the diagnosis of lung cancer. Many times when people are faced with something as serious as a deadly cancer they may not know where to look for help.
The stages of cancer are measured by the extent to which the cancer has spread in the body. Staging classifications are evaluated by the size of the cancer and its penetration into surrounding tissue ("Cancer Treatment Centers of America," 2011) Staging of cancer is critical in estimating the prognosis of a given patient. Higher stage cancers have a worse prognosis than lower-stage cancers. ("Web Md," 2011) Non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) are assigned a stage from one to four in order of the severity. The cancer is confined to the lung in stage one. In stage two the cancer is confined to the chest. The larger and more invasive tumors are classified as stage three ("Cancer Treatment Centers of America," 2011) Stage four cancers have already spread from the chest to other parts of the body. Small cell lung cancers (SCLC) are staged using a two-tiered system. Limited-stage (LS) SCLC is cancer confined to its area of origin in the chest. In extensive-stage (ES) SCLC, the cancer has spread pass the chest to other parts of the body. ("Web Md," 2011) Discovery of the cancer is sometimes called a coin lesion, since the round tumor looks like a coin on the x-rays. ("Cancer Treatment Centers of America," 2011 ("Web Md," 2011) A common paraneoplastic{definition?} syndrome associated with SCLC is the production of a hormone called adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) by the cancer cells, leading to oversecretion of the hormone cortisol by the adrenal glands ("Web Md," 2011.) A frequent paraneoplastic syndrome seen with NSCLC is elevated levels of calcium in the bloodstream. ("Web Md," 2011) Common symptoms seen with lung cancer include weight loss, weakness, and fatigue. Psychological symptoms like depression and mood changes are common in patients.
The different treatment options for lung cancer involve surgical removal, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy. ("Web Md," 2011.) The decisions about treatments that are appropriate for the patient are based on the location and the health of the patient ("Cancer Treatment Centers of America," 2011.) Therapy may be prescribed,and is intended to be curative or palliative. Curative therapy is the removal of the cancer. Palliative therapy is the measures do not cure the cancer but could greatly reduce pain and suffering of the patient. There can be more than one type of therapy prescribed for the patient. Therapy added to enhance the effects of the primary therapy is called adjuvant therapy. For stage one and sometimes stage two NSCLC surgical removal of the tumor is performed. This is the treatment of choice for cancer that has not spread past the lung. ("Web Md," 2011.) Some lung cancers can be removed surgically. Recurrent cancer confined to one spot in the lung can be treated with surgery. The removal of the cancer does not always result in a cure ("Web Md," 2011.) Surgery is not common with SCLC because these tumors are not likely to be to one area for easy removal. The surgical procedure chosen depends upon the size and location of the tumor. Lung cancer surgery is a major surgical procedure that requires general anesthesia, hospitalization, and follow-up care for weeks to months ("Cancer Treatment Centers of America," 2011.) The risks associated with surgery are complications because of bleeding, infection, and complications of general anesthesia. Radiation therapy can be given as treatment for both NSCLC and SCLC. ("Web Md," 2011.) Radiation therapy uses high-energy X-rays or other types of radiation to kill the dividing cancer cells and shrink the tumors ("Cancer Treatment Centers of America," 2011.) The radiation can be delivered externally or internally by placing radioactive substances in sealed containers in the body where the tumor is located. Radiation therapy only shrinks or limits a tumors growth when it is the only treatment given. Radiation therapy can lead to long-term remission and palliation of the cancer ("Web Md," 2011.) Radiation therapy does not carry the risks of major surgery. It can cause unpleasant side effects such as fatigue and lack of energy. Chemotherapy is the administration of drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells by killing or preventing them from dividing. Chemotherapy is the top treatment choice for most SCLC cases, since the tumors are normally spread throughout the body ("Cancer Treatment Centers of America," 2011.) Chemotherapy is not always effective in treating NSCLC when it is the only treatment taken but can prolong survival in many cases. Chemotherapy can be given as pills, an intravenous infusion, or a combination of the two ("Web Md," 2011).
Lung cancer that has returned after treatment is referred to as recurrent or relapsed ("Web Md," 2011.) Recurrent tumors generally do not respond to the chemotherapeutic drugs previously administered. ("Web Md," 2011.) The drugs erlotinib and gefitinib can be used for treatment when patients respond to chemotherapy. A newer therapy used for different types and stages of lung cancer is called photodynamic ("Cancer Treatment Centers of America," 2011.) Photodynamic treatment is the use of a photosynthesizing agent injected into the bloodstream a few hours prior to surgery ("Cancer Treatment Centers of America," 2011.) The agent is taken up in rapidly growing cells such as cancer cells.One advantage of PDT is that it can precisely target the location of the cancer, and is less invasive than surgery. ("Web Md," 2011). The drawback of PDT is that it is not suitable for treatment of extensive cancers. Radiofrequency ablation is being studied as an alternative to surgery in cases of early stage lung cancer. A needle is inserted through the skin into the cancer in this type of treatment ("Cancer Treatment Centers of America," 2011.) Electrical energy is transmitted to the tip of the needle where heat is produced in the tissues, killing the cancerous tissues. ("Web Md," 2011.) There is no therapy currently available ultimately effective in treating lung cancer. Patients may be offered a number of new therapies still in the experimental stage. ("Web Md," 2011.)
Symptoms of lung cancer varies depending on where and how widespread the tumor is. Warning signs of lung cancer are not always present or easily identified. ("Web Md," 2011.) A person with lung cancer may have no symptoms, symptoms related to the cancer, symptoms related to metastasis, paraneoplastic symptoms, and nonspecific symptoms. ("Cancer Treatment Centers of America," 2011). Most people who get lung cancer have no symptoms. The patients with small, single masses often have no symptoms at the time the cancer is discovered. Lung cancers are sometimes accompanied by symptoms that result from the production of hormone-like substances by the tumor cells. The growth of the cancer and invasion of lung tissues and surrounding tissue may interfere with breathing, leading to symptoms such as cough, shortness of breath, wheezing, chest pain, and coughing up blood. Lung cancer that has spread to the bones may produce excruciating pain at the sites ("Cancer Treatment Centers of America," 2011). Cancer that has spread to the brain may cause a number of neurologic symptoms including blurred vision, headaches, seizures, or symptoms of stroke such as weakness or loss of sensation in parts of the body. ("Web Md," 2011). Following surgery, patients may experience difficulty breathing, shortness of breath, pain, and weakness. The drugs used in chemotherapy also kill normally dividing cells in the body, leaving unpleasant side effects ("Cancer Treatment Centers of America," 2011). Damage to blood cells can result in increased of infections, difficulties clotting, fatigue, weight loss, hair loss, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and mouth sores.
Cancer is a very serious disease that should not be taken lightly. Cancer in general is a silent unbiased killer that takes the lives of millions of Americans each year. With the proper screenings that are available and preventative measures that can be taken, it can be detected and occasionally successfully treated in the early stages. There are various treatments options available for the treatment of lung cancer. The effect cancer has on an individual is defined by the severity of the cancerous symptoms and the treatment options chosen. Lung cancer not only affects the lives of the person diagnosed, it dramatically affects the family and others around the person as well
Here are some suggestions and corrections for your essay:
1. In the second sentence, "Caner" should be corrected to "Cancer."
2. In the sentence, "Lung Cancer takes millions of lives each year," "Cancer" should be capitalized to maintain consistency.
3. In the sentence, "Normally the cancer is first discovered," "the" should be removed for better clarity: "Normally, cancer is first discovered."
4. In the sentence, "There are various stages, treatment options, and effect the disease can impact on the individual and their loved ones," "effect" should be changed to "effects."
5. In the sentence, "There are many options offered for people who had been given the diagnosis of lung cancer," "had been" should be changed to "have been."
6. In the paragraph discussing the stages of cancer, it would be helpful to put each stage on its own line or in bullet points for better readability.
7. In the sentence, "Stage four cancers have already spread from the chest to other parts of the body.," "Stage four" should be capitalized for consistency.
8. In the sentence, "Limited-stage (LS) SCLC" and "extensive-stage (ES) SCLC," the abbreviations should be spelled out in parentheses for better clarity: "Limited-stage small cell lung cancers (LS SCLC)" and "extensive-stage small cell lung cancers (ES SCLC)."
9. In the sentence, "Discovery of the cancer is sometimes called a coin lesion," "of" should be removed for better clarity: "Discovery of the cancer is sometimes called a coin lesion."
10. In the paragraph discussing treatment options, it would be helpful to put each treatment option on its own line or in bullet points for better readability.
11. In the sentence, "The decisions about treatments that are appropriate for the patient are based on the location and the health of the patient," "the" before "location" should be removed for better clarity: "The decisions about treatments that are appropriate for the patient are based on location and the health of the patient."
12. In the sentence, "A newer therapy used for different types and stages of lung cancer is called photodynamic," "is called" should be changed to "called."
13. In the sentence, "The drawback of PDT is that it is not suitable for treatment of extensive cancers.," a space should be added after the period for proper punctuation: "The drawback of PDT is that it is not suitable for treatment of extensive cancers."
14. In the sentence, "Radiofrequency ablation is being studied as an alternative to surgery in cases of early stage lung cancer," "is being studied" should be changed to "is being studied as."
15. In the sentence, "There is no therapy currently available ultimately effective in treating lung cancer," "ultimately" should be removed for better clarity: "There is no therapy currently available effective in treating lung cancer."
16. In the sentence, "Most people who get lung cancer have no symptoms," "get" should be changed to "develop."
17. In the sentence, "The patients with small, single masses often have no symptoms at the time the cancer is discovered," "patients" should be changed to "patients who."
18. In the sentence, "Lung cancers are sometimes accompanied by symptoms that result from the production of hormone-like substances by the tumor cells," "the production of" should be changed to "producing."
19. In the sentence, "Cancer that has spread to the brain may cause a number of neurologic symptoms that may include blurred vision, headaches, seizures, or symptoms of stroke such as weakness or loss of sensation in parts of the body," "neurologic" should be changed to "neurological."
20. In the sentence, "The drugs used in chemotherapy also kill normally dividing cells in the body, leaving unpleasant side effects," "normally" should be removed for better clarity: "The drugs used in chemotherapy also kill dividing cells in the body, leaving unpleasant side effects."
21. In the last sentence, "affects the family and others around the person as well," "affects" should be changed to "can affect" for better clarity: "can affect the family and others around the person as well."
Overall, the essay would benefit from better organization and clearer sentence structure to enhance readability. Also, double-checking capitalization and punctuation would help improve the overall presentation.