This is from the Glencoe book Chemistry, Book L.

Unlike sodium and chlorine, some atoms becomre more stable by sharing_______, forming______________rather than charged__________. The bonds in a molecule of oxygen are _______ _______ bonds, while the bonds in molecule of water are ___________ ____________ bonds.

To answer this question, you need to understand the concept of chemical bonding and the types of bonds that can form between atoms.

First, let's break down the question:

1. "Unlike sodium and chlorine, some atoms become more stable by sharing _______"
2. "forming ___________ rather than charged ________."
3. "The bonds in a molecule of oxygen are _______ _______ bonds."
4. "while the bonds in a molecule of water are ___________ ____________ bonds."

1. This refers to the fact that sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) atoms have opposite charges (Na+ and Cl-) and form an ionic bond by transferring electrons. However, some atoms can become more stable by sharing electrons rather than completely transferring them.

2. When atoms share electrons, they form covalent bonds. In a covalent bond, the atoms share electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration. This allows both atoms to fill their electron shells and become more stable. Covalent bonds do not result in charged species like ionic bonds, where one atom gains an electron and becomes negatively charged while the other loses an electron and becomes positively charged.

3. In a molecule of oxygen (O2), the bonds are called "oxygen-oxygen" bonds or "O-O" bonds. In this case, the two oxygen atoms share two pairs of electrons to form a double bond, which results in a stable O2 molecule.

4. In a molecule of water (H2O), the bonds are called "hydrogen-oxygen" bonds or "H-O" bonds. Each hydrogen atom shares one pair of electrons with the oxygen atom, resulting in two single bonds. Water has two covalent bonds because it consists of two hydrogen atoms bonded to one oxygen atom.

In summary, unlike sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl), which form charged ionic bonds, some atoms become more stable by sharing electrons and forming covalent bonds. The bonds in a molecule of oxygen (O2) are called oxygen-oxygen (O-O) bonds, and the bonds in a molecule of water (H2O) are hydrogen-oxygen (H-O) bonds.