Does anyone know what graph you would obtain if the fractional distillation had been a complete separation of pure toluene or pure cyclohexane?

To determine the type of graph you would obtain if fractional distillation had resulted in a complete separation of pure toluene or pure cyclohexane, we need to understand how fractional distillation works and the characteristics of these compounds.

Fractional distillation is a process used to separate a mixture of two or more liquids with different boiling points. It takes advantage of the fact that each component in the mixture vaporizes and condenses at different temperatures.

Toluene and cyclohexane are both organic compounds with different boiling points. Toluene boils at approximately 110.6 degrees Celsius, while cyclohexane boils at about 80.7 degrees Celsius. Based on this information, we can expect that during fractional distillation:

1. If pure toluene were subjected to fractional distillation, it would first vaporize and then condense at a temperature around 110.6 degrees Celsius. This means that the thermometer or temperature sensor in the distillation apparatus would show a steady increase in temperature until it reaches approximately 110.6 degrees Celsius. At this point, the distilled liquid would consist of pure toluene.

2. If pure cyclohexane were subjected to fractional distillation, it would vaporize and condense at a temperature around 80.7 degrees Celsius. In this case, the temperature indicated by the thermometer would rise until it reaches approximately 80.7 degrees Celsius, indicating that the distilled liquid now consists of pure cyclohexane.

Therefore, if fractional distillation were able to achieve a complete separation of pure toluene or pure cyclohexane, the graph of temperature versus distillate collected would show a plateau or a flat line at the boiling point of the respective compound (110.6 degrees Celsius for toluene and 80.7 degrees Celsius for cyclohexane). This plateau would indicate that the collected liquid is pure toluene or cyclohexane, respectively, since no other components would be collected at that temperature.