within each gene, elements of DNA are arranged in a particuler order., forming a code that influences the synthesis of particular proteins. This code affects every aspect of the body, from its structure to the chemicals that keep it running. the above process desrcibes: a. linkage studies b. how genes mutate c. how natural selection occurs d. how genes affect characteristics of he organism.
The above process describes how genes affect the characteristics of an organism. The arrangement of elements within each gene in DNA forms a code that influences the synthesis of specific proteins. This code, also known as the genetic code, ultimately determines the characteristics and traits of an organism, including its structure and the chemicals that are essential for its functioning. Therefore, the correct answer is d. how genes affect characteristics of the organism.
To arrive at this answer, we can eliminate options a, b, and c based on the information provided.
a. Linkage studies refer to the examination of patterns of inheritance to determine how genes are physically connected on a chromosome. This process does not directly explain how genes affect characteristics of an organism, so it can be eliminated.
b. Gene mutation refers to changes or alterations that occur in the DNA sequence of a gene. While gene mutations can have an impact on an organism's characteristics, the information provided in the description focuses more on the arrangement of DNA elements within a gene, rather than changes in the sequence. Therefore, option b can be eliminated.
c. Natural selection refers to the process where certain traits or characteristics are favored in a population due to their beneficial impact on survival and reproduction. While genes and genetic variation play a role in natural selection, the information provided in the description does not directly relate to the concept of natural selection. Thus, option c can also be eliminated.
By process of elimination, the answer is d. how genes affect characteristics of the organism.