I have two questions I need help with please. Thank you!
1)Mitochondria, the energy-processing organelles in eukaryotic cells, have their own DNA, separate from that of the cell’s nucleus. Which of the following choices best explains the presence of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?
A) An ancestral prokaryote engulfed and retained a separate energy-processing prokaryotic cell.
B) Mitochondria are formed when a eukaryotic cell undergoes fission.
C) Mitochondria are separate organisms that fuse with eukaryotic cells in much the same fashion as algae and fungi form lichens.
D) A prokaryote and a eukaryote fuse to form mitochondria.
2)What best explains why bacteria can reproduce so much more rapidly than an organism like a mushroom?
A) Mushrooms reproduce using spores that require a lengthy exposure to the environment before the outer coating can break open.
B) Bacteria live in extreme environments and can avoid having to wait for more favorable conditions to reproduce, like mushrooms and other plants.
C) Since most bacteria cause disease they are avoided by consumers, while organisms like mushrooms are quickly eaten, preventing rapid population growth.
D) Mushrooms reproduce sexually, so the proper mating types must contact one another before reproduction can proceed.
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1) To answer the first question, we need to understand the origin of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells. One way to approach this is to eliminate the incorrect choices.
Choice B states that mitochondria are formed when a eukaryotic cell undergoes fission. However, fission is a process of cell division, not the origin of mitochondria.
Choice C suggests that mitochondria are separate organisms that fuse with eukaryotic cells, similar to how algae and fungi form lichens. While this choice mentions the idea of fusion, it does not explain the origin of mitochondria.
Choice D proposes that a prokaryote and a eukaryote fuse to form mitochondria. This is closer to the correct explanation. It refers to endosymbiosis, a process in which a smaller organism is engulfed and becomes a symbiotic organelle within a larger host cell.
Now, let's examine choice A, which suggests that an ancestral prokaryote engulfed and retained a separate energy-processing prokaryotic cell. This option aligns with the concept of endosymbiosis and explains the presence of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells. Therefore, the correct answer is option A.
2) To address the second question, we need to consider the factors that affect the reproductive rates of bacteria and mushrooms.
Choice A states that mushrooms reproduce using spores that require a lengthy exposure to the environment before breaking open. While this is true, it only explains one aspect of mushroom reproduction and does not directly address the rapid reproductive rate of bacteria.
Choice B suggests that bacteria live in extreme environments and can reproduce without having to wait for more favorable conditions like mushrooms and other plants. This option implies that bacteria have adaptations that allow them to reproduce irrespective of environmental conditions, giving them a reproductive advantage over organisms like mushrooms. Thus, choice B best explains why bacteria can reproduce more rapidly.
Choice C proposes that most bacteria cause disease, which makes them less likely to be consumed by consumers compared to mushrooms. However, this choice does not specifically address the reproductive rates of bacteria and mushrooms.
Choice D states that mushrooms reproduce sexually, requiring proper mating types to contact one another before reproduction can proceed. While this is accurate for mushrooms, it does not explain why bacteria can reproduce more rapidly.
Therefore, the correct answer to the second question is option B.