. As Marcia took her place in the classroom on the first day of class, a familiar feeling surged from inside of her. She found herself "scoping out the competition," considering topics for the "best in the class" paper, and listening for an opportunity to add to class discussion on the first day. According to drive-reduction theory Marcia: (Points: 5)

will experience reduction in her competitive drive if she does well on the first exam.
is presenting a secondary drive to compete.
will establish a homeostatic condition and be less competitive as the class progresses.
is presenting a primary drive to compete.

To determine the correct answer according to drive-reduction theory, we need to understand the key concepts and principles of this theory. Drive-reduction theory suggests that individuals are motivated to reduce or eliminate an unpleasant internal state known as a drive. Drives can be either primary or secondary.

Primary drives are biological and necessary for survival, such as hunger, thirst, or sexual urges. Secondary drives, on the other hand, are learned and acquired through conditioning or experience. They are not directly related to biological needs.

In the given scenario, Marcia's feeling of competing, considering topics for the "best in the class" paper, and listening for an opportunity to add to class discussion are all related to her desire to excel in the class, which is not a biological or survival-related need. Therefore, her behavior represents a secondary drive to compete.

Hence, the correct answer is: Marcia is presenting a secondary drive to compete.