The constitutional provision that federal judges and justices hold office "during good behavior" has

a. meant, in effect, that they will serve until they die or choose to retire.

b. provided them the opportunity to carry out their duties without immediate fear of reprisal by the president or Congress.

c. enabled presidents to influence judicial policy through their appointments long after leaving the White House.

d. done all of these: provided them the opportunity to carry out their duties without immediate fear of reprisal; meant, in effect, that they will serve until they die or choose to retire; and enabled presidents to influence judicial policy through their appointments long after leaving the White House.

e. None of these answers is correct.

Is A the correct answer or D ?

I like D.

I chose A, I mean I wanted to chose D but then I read the real meaning of clause and it said only a .

The correct answer is D. The constitutional provision that federal judges and justices hold office "during good behavior" has served multiple purposes. Firstly, it has meant, in effect, that they will serve until they die or choose to retire. This provision ensures that the judiciary can maintain independence and make impartial decisions without the fear of immediate removal. Secondly, it has provided them the opportunity to carry out their duties without immediate fear of reprisal by the president or Congress. This allows judges to make decisions based on the law rather than political pressure. Lastly, it has enabled presidents to influence judicial policy through their appointments long after leaving the White House. By appointing judges who share their judicial philosophy, presidents can indirectly shape the direction of the judiciary. Therefore, option D, which includes all of these answers, is the correct choice.