1. She likes summer and others like winter.

2. She likes summer and the others like winter.

(Are both grammatical?)

3. The dog and the cat don't like each other.

(Does the dog or the can mean the specific dog and the specific cat? Or were they used in generic term? Do all dogs and all cats hate one another?)

1 and 2 are both grammatically correct.

The definite article "the" IS specific. A/An is the indefinite article and non-specific.

No, not all dogs and cats hate each other!

Sra

1. Yes, both sentences are grammatical, but they have slightly different meanings.

In the first sentence, "She likes summer and others like winter," it suggests that there are people who like winter besides "she." It is a more general statement, indicating that there are individuals other than "she" who prefer winter.

In the second sentence, "She likes summer and the others like winter," it implies that there is a specific group of people being referred to as "the others," and all of them like winter. It is a more specific statement, possibly referring to a particular group of people who have been previously mentioned or are known.

2. In this sentence, "The dog and the cat don't like each other," it does not necessarily refer to all dogs and all cats.

The use of the definite article "the" before "dog" and "cat" suggests that there are specific animals being referred to. However, it does not mean that all dogs and all cats hate each other universally.

The sentence implies that a specific dog and a specific cat mentioned or known in the context do not like each other. It does not make a generalization about all dogs and all cats hating each other. The animosity between them is specific to these particular individuals.

It's important to note that generalizations about all dogs and all cats should not be made based solely on this sentence; it only applies to the specific dog and cat being discussed.