1. The energy used by living organisms
a. is declining through time.
b. is derived by breaking bonds that hold the atoms in organic molecules together.
c. involves ionic bonds more often than covalent bonds.
d. is available only from glucose when it undergoes respiration.
e. tends to accumulate in a food chain.
2. The second law of thermodynamics holds that
a. matter can be neither created nor destroyed.
b. energy can be neither created nor destroyed.
c. energy disperses spontaneously.
d. energy transformations create a more orderly universe.
e. energy and matter are the same thing.
3. Metabolism involves
a. the cells capacity to acquire energy
b. cellular processes used in accumulation of materials.
c. reactions that break apart nutrients to release energy
d. disposal of materials
e. all of the above.
a e d
1. A
2. B
3. C
1. The correct answer to question 1 is option b. The energy used by living organisms is derived by breaking bonds that hold the atoms in organic molecules together. This process is known as cellular respiration, where the energy stored in organic molecules, such as glucose, is released through a series of chemical reactions and used by the organism.
To arrive at this answer, you can use your knowledge of cellular respiration and energy metabolism. Cellular respiration involves the breakdown of organic molecules, such as glucose, in the presence of oxygen to produce energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate). This process occurs in the mitochondria of cells and is a fundamental process for obtaining energy in living organisms.
2. The correct answer to question 2 is option c. The second law of thermodynamics states that energy disperses spontaneously. This law is often referred to as the law of entropy, which states that in any energy transformation or transfer, the total amount of energy remains constant, but the energy tends to disperse and become more spread out.
To arrive at this answer, you can use your knowledge of the second law of thermodynamics. This law is based on the principle that natural processes tend to lead to an increase in disorder or entropy. Energy transformations often result in some energy being lost as heat, which leads to an increase in entropy or the dispersal of energy.
3. The correct answer to question 3 is option e. Metabolism involves all of the above: the cell's capacity to acquire energy, cellular processes used in the accumulation of materials, reactions that break apart nutrients to release energy, and disposal of materials.
To arrive at this answer, you can use your understanding of cellular metabolism. Metabolism refers to the chemical reactions that occur within cells to maintain life. It includes processes such as energy acquisition (such as the uptake of nutrients), energy storage, energy release (through processes like cellular respiration), and waste disposal. All of these processes are involved in the overall functioning of metabolism in living organisms.