Posted by shiela on Monday, June 20, 2011 at 1:03am.
Fitness Terminology
8th Grade Physical Education
What Is Fitness?
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Definition: A state of health characteristics, symptoms, and behaviors enabling a person to have the highest quality of life.
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In other words your overall state of health.
Components of Fitness:
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Aerobic/cardiovascular endurance
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Muscular strength
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Muscular endurance
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Flexibility
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Body composition
Aerobic Endurance
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Definition: the ability of your heart to pump oxygen-rich blood to muscles during exercise that is done for an extended amount of time.
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Criteria:
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Must be done continuously for at least 20 minutes.
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Must increase your heart rate.
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Uses cardiovascular and respiratory systems.
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Benefits:
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Improves cardiovascular and respiratory systems (become more efficient).
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Decreases resting heart rate.
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Maintains caloric balance (burns excess calories).
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Decreases stress.
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Lowers blood pressure.
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Examples:
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Running
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Biking
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Swimming
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Snowshoeing
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Rollerblading
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Aerobics class
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Basketball
Heart Rate
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Heart Rate = the number of times your heart beats in one minute.
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Resting Heart Rate = your heart rate while completely at rest.
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People with resting heart rates over 70 have a greater risk for heart attacks.
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Regular aerobic exercise will decrease resting HR's.
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Maximum Heart Rate = the fastest your heart can beat. It is found by taking 220 and subtracting your age.
(Max HR = 220 - age)
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In order for exercise to be considered aerobic, you need to be exercising at 60-85% of your maximum heart rate.
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(220 - age) x 85% = top end of Target Heart Range
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(220 - age) x 60% = bottom end of Target Heart Range
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Anaerobic: working at higher than 85% of your maximum heart rate.
Muscular Strength
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Definition: the maximum force that can be generated by a muscle.
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Criteria:
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Must involve a maximal effort.
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Must be moving a very heavy resistance.
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Benefits of improving muscular strength:
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Strong muscle fibers and tendons.
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Increases metabolism.
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Maintain good posture.
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Reduce fatigue.
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Prevent injuries.
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Prevent back problems.
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Examples:
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Weight training moving a heavy weight with a low number of repetitions.
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Shot put.
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Lifting a car.
Muscular Endurance
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Definition: the ability of a muscle to repeat contractions against a less-than-maximal load.
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Meaning: being able to use the muscles for a long period of time.
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Criteria:
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Must involve contracting muscles many times.
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Must involve some type of light resistance
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Benefits of improving muscular endurance:
(same as muscular strength)
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Increases metabolism.
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Maintain good posture.
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Reduce fatigue.
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Prevent injuries.
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Prevent back problems.
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Examples:
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Weight training moving a light weight with a high number of repetitions.
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Crunches/sit-ups.
Flexibility
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Definition: A measure of a joint's ability to move through a normal range of motion.
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Criteria:
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Must involve muscles being stretched.
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Benefits of stretching:
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Increases range of motion
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Reduced risk of injury
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Prevents and reduces muscle soreness
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Increases speed
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Improves athletic performance.
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Improves body awareness.
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Improves circulation.
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Feels good - relaxes you.
Body Composition
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Definition: the relative amounts of muscle, bone, and fat in the body.
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Is divided into two categories: fat weight and lean body weight.
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Is expressed in a percentage.
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Example: 22% body fat.
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Meaning:
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A person weighing 100 with a body fat percentage of 22% has 22 pounds of fat on their body, and 78 pounds of lean weight.
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How it can be changed:
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Aerobic exercise - burns calories (decreases fat weight).
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Weight training - increases the amount of muscle (lean body mass)
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Regular exercise also increases your metabolism, so you burn more calories during the day.
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Dangers of being obese (very overweight):
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Increase risk of heart disease.
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Increased risk of diabetes
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Increased risk of hypertension.
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Increased stress on the body's joints.
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While body composition is a component of health related fitness, this is not a component that we will be concerned with in our classes.
Basic Anatomy
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Bones: make up our skeletal system, provide a structure.
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Muscle: cause and create motion.
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Joint: where two bone come together, is where motion occurs.
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Tendon: attaches a muscle to a bone.
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Ligament: attaches one bone to another bone.
It appears you just copied this material. Shame, shame, shame. It is supposed to come from your brain, not from someone elses thinking.
Do. Not. Plagiarize.
Joyce's "answer" is a flagrant act of plagiarism -- using other people's ideas and wording WITHOUT GIVING THEM CREDIT. The least that could have been done is to tell the website from which this long list came.
If you are not clear on what plagiarism is and how NOT to plagiarize from a source, read through this entire webpage from Capital Community College in Connecticut:
http://www.ccc.commnet.edu/mla/plagiarism.shtml
All of it. Including the examples.
=(
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