Indicate whether the following would increase or decrease during exercise.?
1.activity of the sympathetic nervous system
2.urine FORMATION
3.vasodilation of blood vessels in the skeletal muscles
4. stroke volume
5.venous return
6.activity of the vagus nerve
To determine whether these factors increase or decrease during exercise, we can analyze the physiological changes that typically occur in the body.
1. Activity of the sympathetic nervous system: During exercise, the sympathetic nervous system is activated to prepare the body for exertion. This activation leads to an increase in heart rate, blood pressure, and the release of adrenaline. Therefore, the activity of the sympathetic nervous system increases during exercise.
2. Urine formation: Urine formation is primarily regulated by the kidneys. During exercise, the body increases blood flow to the muscles and reduces it to non-essential organs. As a result, the kidneys receive less blood flow, leading to a decrease in urine formation.
3. Vasodilation of blood vessels in the skeletal muscles: During exercise, the body requires an increased supply of oxygen and nutrients to the muscles. To meet this demand, blood vessels in the skeletal muscles dilate, allowing greater blood flow and oxygen delivery. Therefore, vasodilation of blood vessels in the skeletal muscles increases during exercise.
4. Stroke volume: Stroke volume refers to the amount of blood pumped by the heart in each beat. During exercise, stroke volume typically increases. As the heart beats faster and more forcefully, it can eject a larger volume of blood with each contraction. This increase in stroke volume is a result of the heart's adaptation to meet the increased demand for oxygen and nutrients.
5. Venous return: Venous return refers to the blood flow back to the heart from the veins. During exercise, venous return increases. This is due to various factors, such as the increased activity of skeletal muscles acting as a pump to facilitate blood flow back to the heart and the dilation of veins to accommodate the larger volume of blood returning from the muscles.
6. Activity of the vagus nerve: The vagus nerve, which is part of the parasympathetic nervous system, is responsible for controlling rest and digestion functions. During exercise, the body's sympathetic nervous system takes dominance, and parasympathetic activity, including the vagus nerve, decreases. Therefore, the activity of the vagus nerve decreases during exercise.
Understanding these physiological changes can help predict whether the factors mentioned increase or decrease during exercise.
1. During exercise, the activity of the sympathetic nervous system increases.
2. During exercise, urine formation decreases as the body conserves water and fluid for other functions.
3. During exercise, vasodilation of blood vessels in the skeletal muscles increases in order to deliver more oxygen and nutrients to the working muscles.
4. During exercise, stroke volume increases as the heart pumps more blood per beat.
5. During exercise, venous return increases as the skeletal muscles contract and help push blood back towards the heart.
6. During exercise, the activity of the vagus nerve decreases as the body prepares for increased activity and higher heart rate.