What are the changes in American Policies since 911 towards Muslims and Arabs and the treatment of them?
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To understand the changes in American policies towards Muslims and Arabs since 9/11, we can look at a few key areas:
1. Immigration and Visa Policies: Following 9/11, the U.S. government implemented stricter immigration policies and guidelines for visa screening. The USA PATRIOT Act expanded the government's authority to detain non-citizens suspected of terrorism-related activities and increased surveillance measures.
2. National Security Measures: The creation of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) in 2002 led to a reorganization of various government agencies involved in national security. Additionally, the implementation of the No-Fly List and increased airport security measures, such as TSA screenings, were aimed at preventing potential threats.
3. Racial Profiling and Surveillance: Concerns have been raised regarding racial profiling and surveillance disproportionately targeting Muslims and Arabs. The revelations about programs like the National Security Agency's mass surveillance revealed by Edward Snowden raised questions about the impact on civil liberties.
4. Countering Extremism: The U.S. government established various initiatives to counter extremism among Muslim communities. Programs like Countering Violent Extremism (CVE) aimed to prevent radicalization through community engagement, partnerships, and intervention efforts. However, these initiatives have been subject to criticism and controversy.
It is important to note that policies towards Muslims and Arabs vary over time and across different administrations. The topic is complex and evolving, and different perspectives exist on the impact of these policies.
To gather more detailed and up-to-date information, you can consult reliable news sources, academic journals, think tanks, government reports, and studies conducted by civil rights organizations that specifically focus on the treatment of Muslims and Arabs in the United States.