Which of the following would you want to evaluate for a middle school student?

a. background knowledge

b. word recognition and vocabulary knowledge

c. comprehension

d. all of the above

To evaluate a middle school student's reading abilities, it is important to assess various aspects of their reading skills. Each of the options you provided is essential in understanding a student's reading level and progress. Therefore, the answer would be "d. all of the above."

Here's an explanation of what each option entails:

a. Background knowledge: Background knowledge refers to the information and experiences a student brings to a text. Assessing a student's background knowledge helps determine their prior understanding of a subject, which can impact their comprehension and engagement with the text.

b. Word recognition and vocabulary knowledge: Evaluating a student's word recognition skills involves assessing their ability to identify and understand words while reading. Vocabulary knowledge assesses a student's understanding of the meanings of words in context. Both word recognition and vocabulary knowledge are crucial for comprehension since encountering unfamiliar words can hinder understanding.

c. Comprehension: Comprehension refers to a student's ability to understand and derive meaning from a text. Assessing comprehension helps identify if a student can effectively analyze and interpret the information presented in a passage. This includes understanding main ideas, making inferences, summarizing, and drawing conclusions.

By evaluating all these areas, educators can gain a comprehensive understanding of a middle school student's reading abilities, which can guide instructional planning and support their progress.