Calculate the ionization energy of doubly ionized Lithium, which has Z=3. Construct also the energy level diagram for it.

To calculate the ionization energy of doubly ionized lithium (Li+2), we need to first understand what ionization energy is. Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom or ion in its ground state.

For lithium (Z=3), the atomic number represents the number of protons in the nucleus. Since lithium has 3 protons, Li+2 would mean that 2 electrons have been removed.

To find the ionization energy of Li+2, we can refer to the energy level diagram for lithium.

Here's how you can construct the energy level diagram for lithium:

1. Determine the energy levels: The energy levels in an atom are represented by the principal quantum number, n. The value of n determines the distance from the nucleus, with higher values of n representing higher energy levels. For lithium, the first three energy levels are filled. Therefore, the energy levels are n=1, n=2, and n=3.

2. Determine the number of electrons in each energy level: The number of electrons in an energy level is determined by the electron configuration. For lithium (Z=3), the electron configuration is 1s^2 2s^1. This means that there are 2 electrons in the first energy level (n=1) and 1 electron in the second energy level (n=2).

3. Construct the energy level diagram: Start by drawing a nucleus in the center and label it with the atomic symbol (Li). Then, draw circles or shells around the nucleus to represent the energy levels. Place the electrons in their respective energy levels, following the electron configuration. For lithium, you would have 2 electrons in the first energy level (n=1) and 1 electron in the second energy level (n=2).

Now, to calculate the ionization energy of Li+2, we need to find the energy required to remove the remaining electron. Since Li+2 has 2 fewer electrons than lithium, the remaining electron will be in the third energy level (n=3).

The ionization energy can be calculated by subtracting the energy of the highest occupied energy level (n=2) from the energy of the removed electron in the third energy level (n=3).

Note: The energy of an electron in a specific energy level can be calculated using the formula En = -13.6 Z^2/n^2, where En is the energy, Z is the atomic number, and n is the principal quantum number.

For Li+2, the ionization energy can be calculated as follows:

Eionization = En=2 - En=3

Using the formula for energy, we can calculate the energy of the electrons in the second and third energy levels:

En=2 = -13.6 * 3^2 / 2^2

En=3 = -13.6 * 3^2 / 3^2

Calculate both energies and subtract the energy of the third energy level from the second energy level to find the ionization energy of Li+2.

Once you have calculated the ionization energy, you can add the values to the energy level diagram to represent the change in energy between different energy levels.