what is the defferent between diapragm cell and mercury cell?
The main difference between a diaphragm cell and a mercury cell lies in their construction and the chemical processes they utilize. Here's an explanation of the two types of cells:
1. Diaphragm Cell:
A diaphragm cell is an electrochemical cell that converts electrical energy into chemical energy or vice versa. It consists of two electrodes: an anode (positive) and a cathode (negative). The anode is typically made of an inert material like platinum, while the cathode is usually made of a material suitable for the desired chemical reaction to occur.
Inside the diaphragm cell, there is a porous barrier known as a diaphragm that separates the anode and cathode compartments. This diaphragm allows ions to pass through but prevents the mixing of reactants and products. It is commonly made from materials like asbestos or polymers.
Diaphragm cells are often used for industrial processes, such as producing chlorine and sodium hydroxide through the electrolysis of brine (saltwater). During this process, chlorine gas is generated at the anode, while sodium hydroxide is produced at the cathode.
2. Mercury Cell:
A mercury cell, also known as a mercury battery, is a primary electrochemical cell that utilizes a chemical reaction involving mercury and an electrolyte. It typically consists of two electrodes: a mercury anode and a cathode made of a different material like zinc or carbon.
The mercury cell employs a chemical reaction called amalgamation, where mercury combines with another metal to form an amalgam. This reaction happens at the anode, where the metal material dissolves into the mercury, creating an amalgam.
Mercury cells were commonly used in early telegraphy, telephony, and electrical power applications due to their stable voltage output and longevity. However, due to environmental concerns regarding mercury toxicity, their use has been largely phased out in favor of other technologies.
To recap, the main difference between a diaphragm cell and a mercury cell lies in their construction, purpose, and the chemical reactions they employ. Diaphragm cells are used for industrial electrolysis processes and feature a porous diaphragm, while mercury cells use an amalgamation reaction and were commonly used in early electrical applications.