Give the molecular, complete ionic, and net ionic equations for the reaction of phosphoric acid and magnesium carbonate.

To determine the molecular equation, complete ionic equation, and net ionic equation for the reaction between phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and magnesium carbonate (MgCO3), we need to first understand the compounds involved and their respective ions.

Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) is a strong acid that dissociates into three hydrogen ions (H+) and one phosphate ion (PO4^3-).

Magnesium carbonate (MgCO3) is a salt that dissociates into one magnesium ion (Mg^2+) and one carbonate ion (CO3^2-).

Now let's break down the steps to find the equations:

Step 1: Write the balanced molecular equation by combining the reactants and identifying the products formed.

H3PO4 + MgCO3 -> H2O + CO2 + Mg3(PO4)2

In the reaction, hydrogen phosphate (H3PO4) reacts with magnesium carbonate (MgCO3) to form water (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), and magnesium phosphate (Mg3(PO4)2).

Step 2: Write the balanced complete ionic equation by separating all the soluble ionic compounds into their respective ions.

H3PO4(aq) + 3H+(aq) + CO3^2-(aq) + Mg^2+(aq) -> H2O(l) + CO2(g) + 3H+(aq) + Mg3(PO4)2(s)

In the complete ionic equation, we break down the reactants and products into their respective ions. Most of the compounds remain in their ionic form, while water becomes liquid (l) and carbon dioxide becomes a gas (g).

Step 3: Write the balanced net ionic equation by removing the spectator ions that appear on both sides of the equation.

CO3^2-(aq) + Mg^2+(aq) -> CO2(g) + MgCO3(s)

In the net ionic equation, we remove the spectator ions (H+ and PO4^3-) that exist on both the reactant and product sides. We are left with the essential ions involved in the reaction, which are the carbonate ion (CO3^2-) and the magnesium ion (Mg^2+), forming carbon dioxide (CO2) and magnesium carbonate (MgCO3) as the only products.

To summarize:

Molecular equation: H3PO4 + MgCO3 -> H2O + CO2 + Mg3(PO4)2
Complete ionic equation: H3PO4(aq) + 3H+(aq) + CO3^2-(aq) + Mg^2+(aq) -> H2O(l) + CO2(g) + 3H+(aq) + Mg3(PO4)2(s)
Net ionic equation: CO3^2-(aq) + Mg^2+(aq) -> CO2(g) + MgCO3(s)