Name the type of research for each of the following and rank them 1-5 (1 strongest, 5 weakest: 5 points).

A. A researcher collects questionnaires from people who exercise and nonexercising people to determine whether there was a difference in physical activity opportunities/access in the past.

B. A researcher systematically reviews all research to determine whether working with a personal trainer increases people’s exercise frequency.

C. A researcher allows one group of mice access to a running wheel in their cage while another group does not have access to a running wheel to see if there are differences in physical activity.

D. A researcher uses adipose cells (adipocytes) from subjects who have exercised to see they if they are less likely to proliferate in 96-well plates than cells from sedentary subjects.

E. A researcher divides subjects into a group who begin working with a personal trainer and a group who continues their normal routine to determine whether working with a personal trainer increases people’s exercise frequency.

A. The type of research for scenario A is a comparative survey study. Rank: 4

B. The type of research for scenario B is a systematic review study. Rank: 1

C. The type of research for scenario C is an experimental study using animal models. Rank: 3

D. The type of research for scenario D is an in vitro laboratory study. Rank: 2

E. The type of research for scenario E is a randomized controlled trial (RCT). Rank: 5

A. The type of research for scenario A is called a cross-sectional study. In this study, the researcher collects questionnaires from two groups of individuals - those who exercise and those who do not exercise - and analyzes the data to determine if there is a difference in physical activity opportunities/access in the past.

Rank: 3

B. The type of research for scenario B is a systematic review. In this case, the researcher reviews existing research studies on the topic of working with a personal trainer and its impact on exercise frequency. The goal is to synthesize all available evidence to draw conclusions.

Rank: 1

C. The type of research for scenario C is an experimental study. The researcher manipulates the conditions by allowing one group of mice access to a running wheel while denying the access to another group. The goal is to observe any differences in physical activity between the groups.

Rank: 4

D. The type of research for scenario D is an in vitro study. The researcher takes adipose cells (adipocytes) from subjects who have exercised and cells from sedentary subjects, and then investigates if there is a difference in proliferation in 96-well plates.

Rank: 5

E. The type of research for scenario E is a randomized controlled trial (RCT). The researcher assigns subjects to two groups - one group who starts working with a personal trainer and another group who continues with their normal routine. The goal is to investigate the impact of working with a personal trainer on exercise frequency.

Rank: 2