If you add acid or base to water how will the pH change.
Adding acid will make the water (if neutral at the beginning) to acidic; adding base will make the water become basic if it is neutral initially.
When you add an acid or base to water, the pH of the solution will change. The pH scale measures the acidity or basicity of a substance, ranging from 0 (very acidic) to 14 (very basic). Pure water has a pH of 7, which is considered neutral.
If you add an acid to water, it will increase the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+), making the solution more acidic. This will lower the pH value, moving it closer to 0. Acids release H+ ions when dissolved in water, resulting in an excess of H+ ions.
On the other hand, if you add a base to water, it will increase the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-) in the solution, making it more basic. This increase in OH- ions will decrease the concentration of H+ ions, reducing the acidity. Consequently, the pH value will rise and move closer to 14. Bases, when dissolved in water, release OH- ions that react with H+ ions, forming water.
To determine the exact pH change resulting from adding an acid or base, you can use pH indicators, pH meters, or litmus paper. pH indicators are chemical compounds that change color depending on the acidity or basicity of a solution. A pH meter is a more precise electronic instrument that measures the hydrogen ion concentration and provides a numerical value. Litmus paper is a quick and simple method in which a color change occurs to indicate the pH value.