what are 6 elemts that make up Yellow Gold?
What are 6 elements that make up White Gold?
What are 5 elements for platinum for gemstone settings?
what are 2 elements that make up palladium for gemstone settings?
what is 1 element that makes up a diamond?
3 elements that make up ruby?
4 elements that make up blue sapphire?
5 elements that make up emerald?
5 elements that make up aquamarine?
8 elements that make up garnet?
5topaz
11tourmaline
4amethyst
3pearls
3opal
8jade
turquois
A long list and a lot of work (for you). Here are a number of sites. From them you should be able to find the information you need.
http://www.google.com/search?q=compositino+genstones&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&aq=t&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&client=firefox-a#hl=en&client=firefox-a&hs=QGp&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&&sa=X&ei=RvvzTLW4MsT7lwfa6rC-DA&ved=0CB8QvwUoAQ&q=composition+gemstones&spell=1&fp=b69933d19f024e3b
Yellow Gold is made up of six elements:
1. Gold (Au) - This is the main element in yellow gold, giving it its characteristic yellow color.
2. Copper (Cu) - Copper is often added to yellow gold to give it strength and durability.
3. Silver (Ag) - Silver is sometimes added to yellow gold to improve its workability and reduce its hardness.
4. Zinc (Zn) - Zinc is commonly used as an alloying element in yellow gold to enhance its color and provide better durability.
5. Nickel (Ni) - Nickel can be present in small amounts in yellow gold alloys to improve its hardness.
6. Palladium (Pd) - Palladium is occasionally used as an alloying metal in yellow gold to enhance its appearance.
White Gold is also made up of six elements:
1. Gold (Au) - Similar to yellow gold, white gold is based on gold but with a different alloy composition.
2. Palladium (Pd) - Palladium is commonly used as an alloying metal in white gold to achieve a white or silver color.
3. Nickel (Ni) - Nickel is sometimes used in white gold alloys to enhance the color and provide durability.
4. Platinum (Pt) - Platinum is occasionally added to white gold alloys to improve its whiteness and strength.
5. Silver (Ag) - Silver can be present in small amounts in white gold alloys to modify its color and improve workability.
6. Zinc (Zn) - Zinc is sometimes used in white gold alloys to improve its overall properties.
For Platinum gemstone settings, the most common elements used are:
1. Platinum (Pt) - Platinum is the main element in platinum jewelry, renowned for its durability, strength, and resistance to wear.
2. Iridium (Ir) - Iridium is often used as an alloying element in platinum to enhance its hardness and improve its overall properties.
3. Ruthenium (Ru) - Ruthenium is occasionally added to platinum to improve its strength and hardness.
4. Palladium (Pd) - Palladium can be present in small amounts in platinum alloys to improve its workability and reduce porosity.
5. Cobalt (Co) - Cobalt is sometimes used as an alloying element in platinum alloys to achieve specific properties like color or hardness.
For Palladium gemstone settings, the primary element used is:
1. Palladium (Pd) - Palladium is a lustrous precious metal primarily used in jewelry for its durability, resistance to tarnish, and white/silver appearance.
Diamond is composed of a single element:
1. Carbon (C) - Diamonds are made solely of carbon atoms arranged in a crystal lattice structure.
Ruby is composed of three elements:
1. Aluminum (Al) - Aluminum is a primary element in rubies, contributing to their red coloration.
2. Oxygen (O) - Oxygen atoms are also present, forming the mineral corundum from which rubies are derived.
3. Chromium (Cr) - Chromium is the key element that provides rubies with their deep red color.
Blue Sapphire is composed of four elements:
1. Aluminum (Al) - Aluminum is a primary element in sapphires, contributing to their structure and overall composition.
2. Oxygen (O) - Oxygen atoms are also present, forming the mineral corundum from which sapphires are derived.
3. Titanium (Ti) - Titanium is the primary element responsible for the blue coloration in sapphires.
4. Iron (Fe) - Iron impurities can also be present, affecting the overall color and appearance of blue sapphire.
Emerald is composed of five elements:
1. Beryllium (Be) - Beryllium is a primary element found in emeralds.
2. Aluminum (Al) - Aluminum is another element present in emeralds, contributing to their structure and composition.
3. Silicon (Si) - Silicon atoms are also present in emeralds.
4. Oxygen (O) - Oxygen atoms combine with other elements to form the mineral beryl, from which emeralds are derived.
5. Chromium (Cr) - Chromium impurities give emeralds their green color.
Aquamarine is composed of five elements:
1. Beryllium (Be) - Beryllium is a primary element found in aquamarines.
2. Aluminum (Al) - Aluminum is another element present, contributing to the structure and composition of aquamarines.
3. Silicon (Si) - Silicon atoms are also present in aquamarines.
4. Oxygen (O) - Oxygen atoms combine with other elements to form the mineral beryl, from which aquamarines are derived.
5. Iron (Fe) - Iron impurities give aquamarines their blue-green color.
Garnet is composed of eight elements:
1. Aluminum (Al) - Aluminum is a primary element in garnets.
2. Silicon (Si) - Silicon atoms contribute to the structure and composition of garnets.
3. Oxygen (O) - Oxygen atoms combine with other elements to form the silicate mineral group known as garnets.
4. Iron (Fe) - Iron impurities give garnets their various colors, such as red, orange, and green.
5. Calcium (Ca) - Calcium can also be present in some garnets, affecting their color and properties.
6. Magnesium (Mg) - Magnesium impurities can influence the overall composition and color of garnets.
7. Manganese (Mn) - Manganese impurities contribute to the coloration of certain types of garnets.
8. Chromium (Cr) - Chromium impurities can also be present, altering the color and appearance of specific garnets.
As for the remaining gemstones you mentioned:
- Topaz: Topaz is composed of aluminum, silicon, oxygen, and fluorine (Al2SiO4(F,OH)2).
- Tourmaline: The most common elements in tourmaline are aluminum, boron, and silicon, along with other elements like sodium, potassium, lithium, and oxygen.
- Amethyst: Amethyst is a variety of quartz and is primarily composed of silicon and oxygen (SiO2), with impurities of iron and aluminum responsible for its purple color.
- Pearls: Pearls are not composed of specific chemical elements but are formed when a mollusk secretes layers of nacre (calcium carbonate) around an irritant, usually a grain of sand or a shell fragment.
- Opal: Opal is mainly composed of hydrated silicon dioxide (SiO2·nH2O) with varying amounts of impurities like iron, manganese, and carbon.
- Jade: Jade is a collective term for two distinct minerals, jadeite and nephrite. Jadeite is composed of sodium, aluminum, and silicon, while nephrite is primarily made up of calcium, magnesium, iron, and silicon.
- Turquoise: Turquoise is a hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminum, with chemical formula CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O.
To answer your questions regarding the composition of different gemstones and precious metals, I must provide some general information. Please note that these answers are based on typical compositions and may vary in certain cases.
1. Yellow Gold:
Yellow gold is an alloy composed primarily of gold along with other elements to enhance its strength and durability. The specific composition can vary, but the most common elements used are:
- Gold (Au): Usually the main element present in yellow gold.
- Copper (Cu): Added to provide strength and a warm, yellow color.
- Silver (Ag): Added in some cases to increase malleability and modify the color.
2. White Gold:
White gold, similar to yellow gold, is an alloy made primarily of gold. The addition of other elements gives it a white or silvery appearance. Common elements used in white gold are:
- Gold (Au): The primary component in white gold.
- Nickel (Ni): Added to enhance the white color and increase strength. Note that nickel allergies are common, so alternative metals are sometimes used.
- Palladium (Pd): Used as a substitute for nickel, it provides a similar white color but is hypoallergenic.
- Silver (Ag): Occasionally used in small amounts to modify the properties.
- Zinc (Zn) or Platinum (Pt): Occasionally used as additional elements.
3. Platinum for Gemstone Settings:
In the context of gemstone settings, platinum is typically used due to its durability and resistance. It doesn't usually require additional elements for this purpose.
4. Palladium for Gemstone Settings:
Palladium, similar to platinum, is a durable metal used for gemstone settings. It often does not require additional elements.
5. Diamond:
Diamonds are made entirely of carbon (C) and are the result of intense pressure and heat deep within the Earth. Carbon is the single element that makes up a natural diamond.
6. Ruby:
The vibrant red gemstone ruby is primarily composed of the following elements:
- Aluminum (Al): Forms the basis of its structure.
- Oxygen (O): Combines with aluminum to form the mineral corundum, which includes ruby and sapphire.
- Chromium (Cr): The presence of chromium gives ruby its red color.
7. Blue Sapphire:
Blue sapphires, a variety of corundum, are made up of the following elements:
- Aluminum (Al): The primary component of corundum.
- Oxygen (O): Combines with aluminum to form corundum.
- Titanium (Ti): The presence of titanium gives blue sapphires their blue color.
- Iron (Fe) and Chromium (Cr): May also be present in small amounts, contributing to the color variation.
8. Emerald:
Emeralds are a variety of beryl gemstone and are primarily composed of the following elements:
- Beryllium (Be): The main component of beryl.
- Aluminum (Al): Combines with beryllium to form beryl.
- Silicon (Si): Found in trace amounts within emeralds.
- Oxygen (O): Also present in trace amounts, combining with aluminum and silicon.
9. Aquamarine:
Aquamarine, another variety of beryl, contains the following elements:
- Beryllium (Be): The main element in beryl.
- Aluminum (Al): Combines with beryllium to form beryl.
- Silicon (Si): Found in small traces in aquamarine.
- Oxygen (O): Combines with aluminum and silicon in beryl.
10. Garnet:
Garnets are a group of closely related minerals with different compositions. However, some common elements found in garnets are:
- Aluminum (Al): Present in most garnets.
- Silicon (Si): Combines with aluminum and oxygen to form the silicate base of garnets.
- Calcium (Ca), Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Magnesium (Mg), and others: These elements vary depending on the specific type of garnet.
Please provide specific information regarding "topaz," "tourmaline," "amethyst," "pearls," "opal," "jade," and "turquoise," and I'll be happy to provide detailed responses.