Posted by Marie on Monday, November 15, 2010 at 10:22am.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonata#The_sonata_idea_or_principle
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonata_form
Read carefully.
As with all Wikipedia search results, be sure to check out all the external links and further references at the bottom of each Wikipedia page.
There are about a hundred terms that can fit here. I am not certain any of them are "essential", but some would argue that. If I had to pick one term, it would be "musical theme". I doubt if that is what your teacher wants.
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