1. All of the following are parts of the retina except

A. rods. C. fovea.
B. cones. D. lens.

2. Which of the following are tests of the eye?
A. Cephalgia, chondrodynia, sternotomy
B. Myelography, photon absorptiometry, thermography
C. Rheumatoid arthritis, muscular dystrophy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
D. Exophthalmometry, keratometry, gonioscopy

3. The tongue is covered with hairlike projections called
A. taste buds. C. cilia.
B. papillae. D. tactile receptors.

4. The portion of the nervous system that controls involuntary activities is a subdivision of
the _______ nervous system.
A. sympathetic C. peripheral
B. central D. parasympathetic

5. Choose the combining form which best completes the following group:
PONT/O, CRANI/O, FORAMIN/O, _______.
A. ENCEPHAL/O C. COCHLE/O
B. BLEPHAR/O D. SALPING/O11. A patient complains of constantly desiring food and water, then having to urinate
frequently. Tests show normal ADH levels. These symptoms suggest
A. diabetes insipidus. C. diabetes mellitus.
B. Cushing’s syndrome. D. panhypopituitarism.

6. A person with an injury to the extrinsic muscles of the eye would find it difficult to
A. focus light onto the retina.
B. interpret visual input.
C. move the eyeball.
D. control the amount of light entering the eye.

and your thinking is...?

Which of the following are tests of the eye?

A. Cephalgia, chondrodynia, sternotomy
B. Myelography, photon absorptiometry, thermography
C. Rheumatoid arthritis, muscular dystrophy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
D. Exophthalmometry, keratometry, gonioscopy

1. To answer the question, we need to identify the part of the retina that is not listed among the options. To do this, we should know the various parts of the retina and their functions. The retina is the innermost layer of the eye that contains the photoreceptor cells responsible for detecting and transmitting visual information to the brain. The rods and cones are the two types of photoreceptor cells found in the retina, with rods being responsible for low-light and peripheral vision, and cones being responsible for color and central vision. The fovea is a small area in the center of the retina that contains a high concentration of cones and is responsible for sharp central vision. The lens is a transparent structure located behind the iris that helps focus light onto the retina.

Based on this information, the correct answer is D. lens. The lens is not a part of the retina but plays a role in the overall functioning of the eye.

2. To determine the correct answer, we should know what each option refers to and whether it relates to the testing of the eye.

A. Cephalgia, chondrodynia, and sternotomy are not related to the testing of the eye. They refer to headache, pain in the cartilage, and surgical procedure involving the sternum, respectively. Therefore, option A is incorrect.

B. Myelography, photon absorptiometry, and thermography are medical imaging techniques but are not specifically used to test the eye. Myelography involves imaging the spinal cord, photon absorptiometry measures bone density, and thermography measures temperature patterns in the body. Thus, option B is also incorrect.

C. Rheumatoid arthritis, muscular dystrophy, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are not tests of the eye but rather medical conditions affecting the joints, muscles, and nerves. Thus, option C is incorrect.

D. Exophthalmometry, keratometry, and gonioscopy are tests used to assess different aspects of the eye. Exophthalmometry measures the protrusion of the eye, keratometry measures the curvature of the cornea, and gonioscopy examines the drainage angle of the eye. Therefore, option D is the correct answer.

3. To answer this question, we need to know the anatomical features of the tongue. The tongue is a muscular organ that plays a role in tasting, chewing, swallowing, and speaking. It is covered in small structures called papillae, which contain taste buds and provide grip for manipulating food.

Based on this information, the correct answer is B. papillae. Papillae are the hairlike projections found on the surface of the tongue.

4. To answer this question, we need to know the different divisions of the nervous system and their functions. The nervous system is divided into two main parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS includes the brain and spinal cord, while the PNS includes all the nerves outside the CNS.

Among the divisions of the PNS, there are two subdivisions responsible for different functions. The sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for "fight or flight" responses in stressful situations, while the parasympathetic nervous system promotes "rest and digest" activities during normal conditions.

Based on this information, the correct answer is D. parasympathetic. The parasympathetic division controls involuntary activities during normal conditions, such as digestion and relaxation.

5. To answer this question, we need to understand the meaning of the given combining forms and find the one that best fits the pattern.

The combining forms provided are:
- PONT/O, which relates to the pons, a region of the brainstem involved in relaying signals between different parts of the brain and spinal cord.
- CRANI/O, which refers to the cranium or skull.
- FORAMIN/O, which refers to a small opening or passage, especially in bones.

Based on this pattern, the missing combining form should relate to another part of the nervous system or a related structure.

The correct answer is A. ENCEPHAL/O. Encephal/o refers to the brain, and it completes the pattern of combining forms related to different parts of the nervous system.

6. To answer this question, we need to understand the role of the extrinsic muscles of the eye. The extrinsic muscles are responsible for moving the eyeball and controlling its position. They allow the eye to move in different directions and maintain proper alignment.

Based on this information, the correct answer is C. move the eyeball. If the extrinsic muscles of the eye are injured, it would be difficult for a person to move their eyeball. The other options are not directly related to the role of the extrinsic muscles.