Water is a polar solvent. Which of the following will not dissolve in water?

sugar

table salt

vinegar

olive oil

Which of those listed is not a polar material or doesn't contain OH groups?

olive oil

Olive oil will not dissolve in water.

To determine which substance will not dissolve in water, we need to consider the polarity of the substances and the principle that "like dissolves like."

Water is a polar solvent, which means it has a partial positive charge on the hydrogen atoms and a partial negative charge on the oxygen atom. Polar solvents dissolve other polar substances or ionic compounds because they can interact with the positively and negatively charged parts of those substances.

Now, let's look at the substances in question:

- Sugar: Sugar (sucrose) is a polar substance because it has hydroxyl (-OH) groups, which can interact with the polar water molecules. Therefore, sugar dissolves in water.

- Table salt: Table salt (sodium chloride) is an ionic compound composed of positive sodium ions (Na+) and negative chloride ions (Cl-). Water's polarity allows it to interact with these ions and dissolve them, so table salt dissolves in water.

- Vinegar: Vinegar is an aqueous solution containing acetic acid (CH3COOH). Acetic acid is a polar compound due to the presence of the carboxyl (-COOH) group. Therefore, vinegar dissolves in water.

- Olive oil: Olive oil is a nonpolar substance because it consists mainly of triglycerides, which are composed of long hydrocarbon chains. Since water is a polar solvent and olive oil is nonpolar, they do not mix together. As a result, olive oil does not dissolve in water.

Therefore, the substance that will not dissolve in water from the given options is olive oil.