Posted by NEED HELP on Monday, September 27, 2010 at 12:20pm.
You know the tendency from its position on the periodic table. Metals lose electrons.
Look at the periodic table.
If the element is in groups I, II, or III (or groups 1, 2, and 13 depending upon the system your prof is using), the element has an extra 1, 2, or 3 electrons in the outer shell and will lose 1, 2, or 3 electrons. If the element is in group V, VI, or VIII (or groups 15, 16, 17), it has 5, 6, or 7 electrons in the outer shell and will GAIN 3 electrons (to make 8 from 5), gain 2 electrons (to make 8 from 6) or gain 1 electron (to make 8 from 7).
Elements in group 0 (or 18) already have 8 electrons in their outer shell and they neither gain nor lose electrons. Group IV (group 14) elements have 4 electrons in their outer shell and usually neither gain nor lose; rather they almost always SHARE electrons to complete their outer shells.
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