I have a lab for chemistry that I have to turn in soon, and I have no idea what the major and minor species if any of each of the substances we tested. Can someone please help me answer which one is the major/minor species of each of the elements?

They are:

1. H2O(deionized)[NO CONDUCTIVITY, NO ELECTROLYTES]

2. H2O(tap)[MEDIUM CONDUCTIVITY, WEAK ELECTROLYTES]

3. NaCl(s)[NO CONDUCTIVITY, NO ELECTROLYTES]

4. NaCl(aq)[HIGH CONDUCTIVITY, STRONG ELECTROLYTES]

5. CaCO3(s) + H2O(l)[MEDIUM CONDUCTIVITY, WEAK ELECTROLYTES]

6. CH3CH2OH(L)[NO CONDUCTIVITY, NO ELECTROLYTES]

7. CH3CH2OH(AQ)[NO CONDUCTIVITY, NO ELECTROLYTES]

8. C12H22O11(AQ)[NO CONDUCTIVITY, NO ELECTROLYTES]

9. HC2H3O2 17M(L)[NO CONDUCTIVITY, NO ELECTROLYTES]

10. HC2H3O2(AQ)[MEDIUM CONDUCTIVITY, WEAK ELECTROLYTES]

11. HCL IN TOLUENE[NO CONDUCTIVITY, NO ELECTROLYTES]

12.HCL(AQ)[HIGH CONDUCTIVITY, STRONG ELECTROLYTE]

13. NaOH(AQ) [HIGH CONDUCTIVITY, STRONG ELECTROLYTE]

14. 1.0M NH3(AQ)[MEDIUM CONDUCTIVITY, WEAK ELECTROLYTE]

15. 15M NH3(AQ) [LOW CONDUCTIVITY, WEAK ELECTROLYTE]

The idea here is that no conductance means the material is not ionized which means the major species is molecular and not ionic. For example, #1 the major material must be H2O (as opposed to H^+ and OH^-).

#5. CaCO3 is slightly soluble. The major component is CaCO3. The minor ones are Ca^+2 and CO3^-2.

#3. NaCl(s). There is no ionization in the solid state. The major component is NaCl.
#4. NaCl(aq). This ionizes to Na^+ and Cl^- and gives strong conductance. The major components are the ions.
You should use this information to answer the other questions posted.

To determine the major and minor species for each substance, we need to understand the concept of conductivity and electrolytes.

Conductivity is a measure of a substance's ability to conduct an electric current. Substances that conduct electricity well are called electrolytes, while substances that do not conduct electricity are called non-electrolytes.

Based on the information provided, we can determine the major and minor species for each substance:

1. H2O(deionized) [NO CONDUCTIVITY, NO ELECTROLYTES]:
Since it has no conductivity and no electrolytes, there are no major or minor species.

2. H2O(tap) [MEDIUM CONDUCTIVITY, WEAK ELECTROLYTES]:
The major species in this case is H2O itself. The minor species would be any impurities or dissolved substances present in the tap water.

3. NaCl(s) [NO CONDUCTIVITY, NO ELECTROLYTES]:
Solid NaCl does not conduct electricity, so there are no major or minor species.

4. NaCl(aq) [HIGH CONDUCTIVITY, STRONG ELECTROLYTES]:
In this case, the major species is Na+ (sodium ion) and Cl- (chloride ion). The dissolved NaCl dissociates completely into these ions in water.

5. CaCO3(s) + H2O(l) [MEDIUM CONDUCTIVITY, WEAK ELECTROLYTES]:
The major species would be the Ca2+ (calcium ion) and CO3^2- (carbonate ion); however, since the conductivity is only medium, it suggests that only a small fraction of the CaCO3 has dissolved, making it a weak electrolyte.

6. CH3CH2OH(L) [NO CONDUCTIVITY, NO ELECTROLYTES]:
Since it has no conductivity and no electrolytes, there are no major or minor species.

7. CH3CH2OH(AQ) [NO CONDUCTIVITY, NO ELECTROLYTES]:
Again, this is ethyl alcohol in the aqueous form, but it still has no conductivity and no electrolytes. So there are no major or minor species.

8. C12H22O11(AQ) [NO CONDUCTIVITY, NO ELECTROLYTES]:
This substance is sucrose (table sugar) in the aqueous form. Similar to the previous examples, it has no conductivity and no electrolytes, so there are no major or minor species.

9. HC2H3O2 17M(L) [NO CONDUCTIVITY, NO ELECTROLYTES]:
This is glacial acetic acid in a highly concentrated liquid form. However, it still has no conductivity and no electrolytes. Thus, there are no major or minor species.

10. HC2H3O2(AQ) [MEDIUM CONDUCTIVITY, WEAK ELECTROLYTES]:
In this case, the major species is HC2H3O2 (acetic acid) molecules. The weak conductivity suggests that only a fraction of the acetic acid molecules have dissociated into H+ (hydrogen ion) and C2H3O2- (acetate ion).

11. HCl in toluene [NO CONDUCTIVITY, NO ELECTROLYTES]:
Since it has no conductivity and no electrolytes, there are no major or minor species.

12. HCl(AQ) [HIGH CONDUCTIVITY, STRONG ELECTROLYTE]:
The major species is H+ (hydrogen ion) and Cl- (chloride ion) in this case. The strong conductivity indicates the complete dissociation of HCl into these ions in water.

13. NaOH(AQ) [HIGH CONDUCTIVITY, STRONG ELECTROLYTE]:
The major species is Na+ (sodium ion) and OH- (hydroxide ion) in this case. The strong conductivity suggests the complete dissociation of NaOH into these ions in water.

14. 1.0M NH3(AQ) [MEDIUM CONDUCTIVITY, WEAK ELECTROLYTE]:
The major species is NH3 (ammonia) molecules. The weak conductivity indicates that only a fraction of the ammonia molecules have accepted a proton from water to form NH4+ (ammonium ion) and OH-.

15. 15M NH3(AQ) [LOW CONDUCTIVITY, WEAK ELECTROLYTE]:
The low conductivity suggests that the concentration of NH3 is very high. However, the weak electrolyte behavior implies that only a small fraction of NH3 has reacted with water to form NH4+ and OH- ions.

By analyzing the conductivity and electrolyte behavior of each substance, we can determine the major and minor species for each of the given elements.

Sure, I can help you identify the major and minor species for each substance you listed. Based on the information provided, here are the major and minor species for each of the substances:

1. H2O(deionized) - The major species is H2O, and there are no minor species present.

2. H2O(tap) - The major species is H2O, and there are no minor species present.

3. NaCl(s) - The major species is NaCl (solid), and there are no minor species present.

4. NaCl(aq) - The major species is Na+ (sodium ion) and Cl- (chloride ion) in solution, and there may be some water molecules present as well. The minor species would be H2O.

5. CaCO3(s) + H2O(l) - The major species is CaCO3 (solid), and there are no minor species present.

6. CH3CH2OH(L) - The major species is CH3CH2OH (liquid), and there are no minor species present.

7. CH3CH2OH(AQ) - The major species is CH3CH2OH (alcohol) in solution, and there may be some water molecules present as well. The minor species would be H2O.

8. C12H22O11(AQ) - The major species is C12H22O11 (sucrose) in solution, and there may be some water molecules present as well. The minor species would be H2O.

9. HC2H3O2 17M(L) - The major species is HC2H3O2 (liquid) with a concentration of 17M, and there are no minor species present.

10. HC2H3O2(AQ) - The major species is HC2H3O2 (acetic acid) in solution, and there may be some water molecules present as well. The minor species would be H2O.

11. HCL IN TOLUENE - The major species is HCl dissolved in toluene, and there are no minor species present.

12. HCL(AQ) - The major species is H+ (hydrogen ion) and Cl- (chloride ion) in solution, and there may be some water molecules present as well. The minor species would be H2O.

13. NaOH(AQ) - The major species is Na+ (sodium ion) and OH- (hydroxide ion) in solution, and there may be some water molecules present as well. The minor species would be H2O.

14. 1.0M NH3(AQ) - The major species is NH3 (ammonia) in solution, and there may be some water molecules present as well. The minor species would be H2O.

15. 15M NH3(AQ) - The major species is NH3 (ammonia) in solution with a concentration of 15M, and there may be some water molecules present as well. The minor species would be H2O.

I hope this helps! Let me know if you have any more questions.