I have a lab for chemistry that I have to turn in soon, and I have no idea what the major and minor species if any of each of the substances we tested. Can someone please help me answer which one is the major/minor species of each of the elements?

They are:

1. H2O(deionized)[NO CONDUCTIVITY, NO ELECTROLYTES]

2. H2O(tap)[MEDIUM CONDUCTIVITY, WEAK ELECTROLYTES]

3. NaCl(s)[NO CONDUCTIVITY, NO ELECTROLYTES]

4. NaCl(aq)[HIGH CONDUCTIVITY, STRONG ELECTROLYTES]

5. CaCO3(s) + H2O(l)[MEDIUM CONDUCTIVITY, WEAK ELECTROLYTES]

6. CH3CH2OH(L)[NO CONDUCTIVITY, NO ELECTROLYTES]

7. CH3CH2OH(AQ)[NO CONDUCTIVITY, NO ELECTROLYTES]

8. C12H22O11(AQ)[NO CONDUCTIVITY, NO ELECTROLYTES]

9. HC2H3O2 17M(L)[NO CONDUCTIVITY, NO ELECTROLYTES]

10. HC2H3O2(AQ)[MEDIUM CONDUCTIVITY, WEAK ELECTROLYTES]

11. HCL IN TOLUENE[NO CONDUCTIVITY, NO ELECTROLYTES]

12.HCL(AQ)[HIGH CONDUCTIVITY, STRONG ELECTROLYTE]

13. NaOH(AQ) [HIGH CONDUCTIVITY, STRONG ELECTROLYTE]

14. 1.0M NH3(AQ)[MEDIUM CONDUCTIVITY, WEAK ELECTROLYTE]

15. 15M NH3(AQ) [LOW CONDUCTIVITY, WEAK ELECTROLYTE]

See above.

To determine the major and minor species for each substance, you need to understand the concepts of conductivity and electrolytes. Conductivity refers to the ability of a substance to conduct an electric current. Electrolytes are substances that, when dissolved in water, can conduct electricity.

Based on the information provided, we can determine the major and minor species as follows:

1. H2O(deionized) [NO CONDUCTIVITY, NO ELECTROLYTES]
Since deionized water does not conduct electricity and does not contain any electrolytes, the major species would be H2O molecules.

2. H2O(tap) [MEDIUM CONDUCTIVITY, WEAK ELECTROLYTES]
Tap water has some conductivity and contains weak electrolytes. The major species would be H2O molecules, but there may also be some dissociation of weak electrolytes, such as mineral ions (e.g., calcium, magnesium) or dissolved gases (e.g., carbon dioxide).

3. NaCl(s) [NO CONDUCTIVITY, NO ELECTROLYTES]
Solid NaCl does not conduct electricity and does not contain any electrolytes. The major species would be the NaCl solid crystal lattice.

4. NaCl(aq) [HIGH CONDUCTIVITY, STRONG ELECTROLYTES]
When NaCl dissolves in water to form an aqueous solution, it dissociates into Na+ and Cl- ions. Consequently, the major species would be the dissociated Na+ and Cl- ions.

5. CaCO3(s) + H2O(l) [MEDIUM CONDUCTIVITY, WEAK ELECTROLYTES]
The reaction CaCO3(s) + H2O(l) does not produce a significant amount of conductivity or strong electrolytes. The major species would be the undissolved CaCO3 solid particles.

6. CH3CH2OH(L) [NO CONDUCTIVITY, NO ELECTROLYTES]
Liquid ethanol (CH3CH2OH) does not conduct electricity and does not contain any electrolytes. The major species would be the ethanol molecules.

7. CH3CH2OH(AQ) [NO CONDUCTIVITY, NO ELECTROLYTES]
When ethanol is dissolved in water to form an aqueous solution, it does not dissociate into ions. Since it does not contain any electrolytes, the major species would still be the undissociated ethanol molecules.

8. C12H22O11(AQ) [NO CONDUCTIVITY, NO ELECTROLYTES]
C12H22O11 is the chemical formula for sucrose, which does not dissociate into ions when dissolved in water. Therefore, the major species would be the intact sucrose molecules.

9. HC2H3O2 17M(L) [NO CONDUCTIVITY, NO ELECTROLYTES]
A 17M solution of acetic acid (HC2H3O2) in liquid form does not conduct electricity and does not contain any electrolytes. The major species would be the acetic acid molecules.

10. HC2H3O2(AQ) [MEDIUM CONDUCTIVITY, WEAK ELECTROLYTES]
When acetic acid is dissolved in water to form an aqueous solution, it partially dissociates into H+ and C2H3O2- ions. The major species would be the dissociated H+ and C2H3O2- ions.

11. HCl IN TOLUENE [NO CONDUCTIVITY, NO ELECTROLYTES]
Toluene is a nonpolar solvent and does not conduct electricity or contain any electrolytes. Therefore, the major species would be the HCl molecules dissolved in toluene.

12. HCl(AQ) [HIGH CONDUCTIVITY, STRONG ELECTROLYTE]
When hydrochloric acid (HCl) is dissolved in water, it dissociates almost completely into H+ and Cl- ions. The major species would be the dissociated H+ and Cl- ions.

13. NaOH(AQ) [HIGH CONDUCTIVITY, STRONG ELECTROLYTE]
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is a strong base that readily dissociates in water to produce Na+ and OH- ions. The major species would be the dissociated Na+ and OH- ions.

14. 1.0M NH3(AQ) [MEDIUM CONDUCTIVITY, WEAK ELECTROLYTE]
Ammonia (NH3) is a weak base that partially dissociates into NH4+ and OH- ions when dissolved in water. The major species would be the partially dissociated NH4+ and OH- ions.

15. 15M NH3(AQ) [LOW CONDUCTIVITY, WEAK ELECTROLYTE]
At this high concentration of ammonia, the NH3 molecules predominantly stay intact, resulting in low conductivity. The major species would be the undissociated NH3 molecules.

Please note that the classifications of "major" and "minor" species are based on the extent of dissociation and the concentration of electrolytes. The major species are those that exist in larger quantities or have a greater impact on conductivity, while the minor species are present in lesser quantities or contribute less to conductivity.