What physical process is being observed using spectroscopic measurements in Beer's Law experiment?

Since this is not my area of expertise, I searched Google under the key words "Beers law spectroscopy" to get this:

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In the future, you can find the information you desire more quickly, if you use appropriate key words to do your own search. Also see http://hanlib.sou.edu/searchtools/.

In the Beer's Law experiment, spectroscopic measurements are used to observe a physical process called absorption.

To understand this process, let's start with the basic idea behind spectroscopy. Spectroscopy is a technique that involves studying the interaction between electromagnetic radiation (such as light) and matter. When electromagnetic radiation passes through a sample, it can interact with the atoms or molecules present in the sample.

In the case of absorption spectroscopy, the sample absorbs specific wavelengths of light. This absorption occurs because the energy of the photons in the light matches the energy required to excite electrons in the atoms or molecules of the sample. When photons are absorbed, the energy is transferred to the electrons, causing them to move to a higher energy level or become excited.

Beer's Law relates the concentration of a chemical species in a sample to the amount of light it absorbs. According to Beer's Law, the amount of light absorbed by a sample is directly proportional to the concentration of the absorbing species and the path length (distance traveled by light through the sample). This relationship can be expressed as A = εcl, where A is the absorbance, ε is the molar absorptivity or molar absorption coefficient (a measure of how strongly the species absorbs light), c is the concentration, and l is the path length.

By measuring the absorbance of light at different wavelengths using a spectrophotometer, we can obtain a spectrum that shows how much light is absorbed at each wavelength. This information can be used to identify the presence of specific chemical species in a sample and determine their concentration.

In summary, spectroscopic measurements in the Beer's Law experiment allow us to observe the absorption of light by a sample, providing information about the concentration of specific chemical species present in the sample.