1. I think he is honest.

-That makes two of us.(I agree with you.)

2. I don't think he is honest.
- That makes two of us.
(I agree with you.)

(Are the short dialogues correct? What is the origin 'That makes two of us.' Why did they start to use this expression)

3. That makes three of us.
4. That makes four of us.
(Can we use these expressions as well?)

Both are right. "That makes two of us" means that, at least, we both agree. Depending on the actual tone when said, it can also mean, "nobody else thinks so, but we do."

This can also apply to actions.
"I am going to the football game today."
"Really!? That makes two of us then."

The question about "that makes (3, 4, 5...) Of us" - you CAN say that, but it's done if you are acknowledging that you're playing off the idiom. Those phrases are not normal idiomatric sayings.

I could not find a specific origin. The best I could find in all the pages I looked at was that it began in the "first half of the 1900s."

Yes, the short dialogues you provided are correct. "That makes two of us" is an expression used to indicate that the speaker agrees with the opinion or statement made by someone else. It implies that the speaker shares the same sentiment or perspective. The phrase suggests that there are now two people who hold the same viewpoint in the conversation.

The origin of this expression is not precise, but it can be traced back to the idea of finding common ground or shared opinions in a conversation. By saying "That makes two of us," the speaker is essentially acknowledging that their perspective aligns with the other person, creating a sense of unity or agreement.

Yes, you can use similar expressions like "That makes three of us" or "That makes four of us" if you want to further emphasize the agreement with multiple people. These variations can be used to show that more people in the conversation share the same opinion or viewpoint. It's a way of highlighting that the speaker is not alone in their thoughts or feelings.