which of the 3 solvent would not be suitable recrystallization solvent for acetanilide? Why?

- water as recrytallization solvent for acetanilide
- chloroform as recrystallization solvent for acxetanilide
- methanol as recrystallization solvent for acetanilide

To determine the suitability of a solvent for recrystallization of a compound like acetanilide, we need to consider its solubility characteristics. Acetanilide is a polar compound due to the presence of the carbonyl group (C=O) and the amine group (-NH2). Based on this information, let's analyze each solvent option:

1. Water: Water is a polar solvent capable of hydrogen bonding. Acetanilide is also polar, so it should be soluble in water to some extent. However, if the solubility of acetanilide in water is too high, it would not be suitable for recrystallization. We can check the solubility by conducting a solubility test. If a small amount of acetanilide dissolves completely in water at room temperature, it indicates that water is not a suitable solvent for recrystallization.

2. Chloroform: Chloroform is a nonpolar organic solvent. Acetanilide being a polar compound, its solubility in nonpolar solvents like chloroform is typically very low. This makes chloroform a suitable solvent for recrystallization, as it will allow the compound to dissolve during the hot filtration step and then precipitate out upon cooling.

3. Methanol: Methanol is a polar solvent comparable to water. Since acetanilide is also polar, methanol could potentially dissolve acetanilide to some extent. However, the solubility of acetanilide in methanol may vary. Similar to water, if a small amount of acetanilide dissolves completely in methanol at room temperature, it would not be suitable for recrystallization.

In summary, the solvent that may not be suitable for recrystallization of acetanilide is water. Methanol and chloroform are both viable choices, but it is important to experimentally determine the optimal solvent by conducting solubility tests or referring to literature data.

Out of the three solvents mentioned, water would not be a suitable recrystallization solvent for acetanilide. There are several reasons for this:

1. Solubility: Acetanilide has a low solubility in water at room temperature. In order for recrystallization to occur effectively, the solute (acetanilide) should be highly soluble in the chosen solvent at elevated temperatures to dissolve a sufficient amount of the impurities.

2. Impurities: Water as a recrystallization solvent may retain impurities that are water-soluble, such as salts, organic acids, or other water-soluble organic compounds. This would limit the purification effect of the recrystallization process since these impurities would remain in the crystal lattice upon crystallization.

On the other hand, both chloroform and methanol are suitable recrystallization solvents for acetanilide due to their higher solubility for the compound and the ability to dissolve impurities selectively.