what are examples of conditioned stimuli, unconditioned stimuli, conditioned response, and unconditioned response?
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Look up the other terms here, too, and let us know what you discover.
In classical conditioning, the unconditoned stimulus (US) is one which reflexively causes a response. One example is putting something into your mouth causes salivation. In this case the unconditioned response (UR) is the response to a US presented alone, the salivation.
A conditioned stimulus (CS) originally has little or no effect. Only when the CS is repeatedly paired with a US (or previously learned CS) will it become a CS. A good example is the sound of a cellophane wrapper being opened. Originally it has little or no effect. However, after being repeatedly paired with eating candy or other foods, it alone will produce the conditioned response. The conditioned response (CR) is one given to the CS when presented alone.
Can you think of more examples?
Conditioned stimuli (CS) and unconditioned stimuli (US) are terms used in classical conditioning, a form of learning where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a meaningful or significant stimulus, resulting in a conditioned response (CR) that is similar to the unconditioned response (UR). Here are some examples of each:
1. Conditioned Stimulus (CS):
- A bell ringing before mealtime: Initially, the bell does not produce any particular response, but by associating it with food repeatedly, the sound of the bell itself becomes a conditioned stimulus that can make a dog salivate.
- A specific song playing before a memorable event: If a song is frequently played during happy moments, hearing that song in the future might evoke positive emotions and memories associated with those past experiences.
2. Unconditioned Stimulus (US):
- Food: Food is an innate stimulus that naturally triggers salivation in dogs (unconditioned response - UR).
- Electric shock: A sudden, painful electric shock could elicit a reflexive flinch or withdrawal response (unconditioned response - UR).
3. Conditioned Response (CR):
- Salivating at the sound of a bell: After the bell has been consistently paired with food, the dog may start to salivate at the sound of the bell alone, even without the presence of food.
- Smiling when hearing a particular song: If a song has been associated with happy memories, a person might smile automatically upon hearing that song again, even in the absence of the original experiences.
4. Unconditioned Response (UR):
- Salivation to food: Dogs naturally salivate when presented with food, without any prior conditioning.
- Flinching or withdrawal in response to an electric shock: An electric shock often evokes an immediate physical reaction, such as flinching or pulling away, without the need for prior conditioning.
Remember, these examples illustrate classical conditioning and its effects on eliciting targeted responses through the association between different stimuli.