Calculate the mass in grams of hydrgen chloride produced when 5.85 L of molecular hydrogen measured at STP reacts with an excess of molecular chlorine gas.
H2 + Cl2 ---> 2HCl
Convert 5.85 L H2 to moles. moles = L/22.4.
Using the coefficients in the balanced equation, convert moles H2 to mols HCl.
Now convert moles HCl to grams. g = moles x molar mass.
.2611607143
To calculate the mass of hydrogen chloride produced, we need to follow these steps:
Step 1: Determine the moles of molecular hydrogen (H2) used.
To do this, we can use the ideal gas law equation: PV = nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant (0.0821 L·atm/mol·K), and T is the temperature in Kelvin.
At standard temperature and pressure (STP), T = 273.15 Kelvin and P = 1 atm.
Given:
Volume of molecular hydrogen (H2) = 5.85 L
Using the ideal gas law:
n = PV/RT
n = (1 atm) * (5.85 L) / (0.0821 L·atm/mol·K * 273.15 K)
Step 2: Determine the moles of hydrogen chloride (HCl) produced.
From the balanced chemical equation: 1 mole of H2 reacts to produce 2 moles of HCl.
Since the moles of H2 are known, we can directly calculate the moles of HCl produced.
Step 3: Convert moles of HCl to grams.
To do this, we need to know the molar mass of HCl, which is the sum of the atomic masses of hydrogen (H = 1.01 g/mol) and chlorine (Cl = 35.45 g/mol).
Knowing the moles of HCl, we can multiply it by the molar mass to obtain the mass in grams.
So, let's calculate it:
Step 1:
n = (1 atm) * (5.85 L) / (0.0821 L·atm/mol·K * 273.15 K)
→ n = 0.2258 moles of H2
Step 2:
Since 1 mole of H2 produces 2 moles of HCl, we get:
0.2258 moles of H2 * 2 moles of HCl per mole of H2 = 0.4516 moles of HCl
Step 3:
Mass of HCl = moles of HCl * molar mass of HCl
Mass of HCl = 0.4516 moles * (1.01 g/mol + 35.45 g/mol)
→ Mass of HCl = 0.4516 moles * 36.46 g/mol
→ Mass of HCl = 16.46 grams
Therefore, the mass of hydrogen chloride produced is 16.46 grams.