how does the color of the light bulbs determine the amount of energy of the electromagnetic waves?

These notes may help:)

Light is electromagnetic radiation of a wavelength that is visible to the human eye (in a range from about 380 or 400 nanometres to about 760 or 780 nm).In physics, the term light sometimes refers to electromagnetic radiation of any wavelength, whether visible or not.

Five primary properties of light are intensity, frequency or wavelength, polarization, phase and orbital angular momentum.

Light, which exists in tiny "packets" called photons, exhibits properties of both waves and particles. This property is referred to as the wave–particle duality. The study of light, known as optics, is an important research area in modern physics.

The color of the light does not determine the energy in the waves. It determines the energy in the particles.

The total energy in waves of light depends upon both the color (average frequency) and the number of particles in the wave.

The color of light bulbs is determined by the wavelength of the light they emit. The energy of electromagnetic waves is directly related to their wavelength or frequency. The shorter the wavelength or the higher the frequency, the more energy the electromagnetic waves carry.

To understand this, let's consider the electromagnetic spectrum. It is a range of different types of electromagnetic waves, including radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays. Each type of wave has a different wavelength and energy level.

Visible light falls within a specific range of the electromagnetic spectrum that can be detected by our eyes, and it consists of various colors, from red (longest wavelength, lowest energy) to violet (shortest wavelength, highest energy). When you swap light bulbs of different colors, you are essentially changing the wavelength of the light being emitted.

For example, a red light bulb emits longer wavelength light compared to a blue light bulb. As a result, the red light bulb has lower energy compared to the blue light bulb. This difference in energy becomes apparent when we observe the colors. Blue light appears brighter and more intense because it carries more energy, while red light appears dimmer and less intense because it has less energy.

In summary, the color of the light bulbs is determined by the wavelength of the light they emit, and the energy of electromagnetic waves increases as the wavelength decreases (or as the frequency increases).