Describe how you would prepare 500 mL of a 0.0400 M solution of HCI from a concentrated soultion of HCI which is 36.5% HCI and has a density of 1.10 g/mL.
To prepare a 500 mL solution of 0.0400 M HCl from a concentrated solution of HCl, which is 36.5% HCl and has a density of 1.10 g/mL, the following steps can be followed:
Step 1: Calculate the mass of the concentrated solution required:
The volume of the concentrated solution required can be calculated using the given information. Density is defined as mass divided by volume, so rearranging the formula, we have:
Mass = Density × Volume
Given: Density = 1.10 g/mL and Volume = 500 mL
Mass = 1.10 g/mL × 500 mL
Mass = 550 g
Step 2: Calculate the mass of pure HCl in the concentrated solution:
Since the concentrated solution is 36.5% HCl, we need to calculate the mass of HCl in the 550 g of the solution. We can multiply the total mass of the solution by the percentage of HCl to find the mass of HCl in the concentrated solution:
Mass of HCl = Mass of solution × Percentage of HCl
Given: Mass of solution = 550 g and Percentage of HCl = 36.5%
Mass of HCl = 550 g × 0.365
Mass of HCl = 200.75 g
Step 3: Calculate the volume of concentrated solution required:
Now, we need to determine the volume of the concentrated solution required to obtain 200.75 g of pure HCl using the density of the solution. Rearranging the density formula, we can solve for volume:
Volume = Mass / Density
Given: Mass = 200.75 g and Density = 1.10 g/mL
Volume = 200.75 g / 1.10 g/mL
Volume = 182.50 mL
Step 4: Dilute the concentrated solution to achieve the desired concentration:
To prepare a 0.0400 M solution of HCl, we need to dilute the calculated volume of the concentrated solution to 500 mL. Start by transferring the calculated volume (182.50 mL) of the concentrated solution into a container. Then, add solvent (water) until the total volume reaches 500 mL.
It is essential to ensure thorough mixing before using the diluted solution.
Following these steps will result in the preparation of a 500 mL solution of 0.0400 M HCl from the given concentrated solution of HCl.