Describe two approaches or indicators to measure patient outcomes. If I could locate a book on the subject I would, but I don't know of any resources. Thanks

Two common approaches or indicators to measure patient outcomes are:

1. Clinical Health Outcomes: These indicators focus on the actual physical health status of patients. They may include metrics such as disease remission rates, mortality rates, rates of complications or adverse events, and improvements in functional capacity or quality of life. These indicators provide objective measures of the effectiveness of healthcare interventions in improving patient health and well-being.

2. Patient-Reported Outcomes (PROs): These indicators capture patients' own assessments of their health and well-being. PROs often involve questionnaires or surveys that gather subjective information directly from patients about their symptoms, functional abilities, quality of life, and satisfaction with their healthcare experience. PROs provide valuable insights into the patient's perspective and can help assess the impact of healthcare interventions on their subjective well-being.

To locate a book or resource on this subject, you can follow these steps:

1. Start by searching for relevant keywords and phrases related to patient outcomes measurement in healthcare. For example, you can search using terms like "measuring patient outcomes," "clinical outcome indicators," or "patient-reported outcomes."

2. Use academic search engines, such as Google Scholar or PubMed, to find scholarly articles, research papers, or systematic reviews on the topic. These sources often provide detailed explanations and examples of different approaches to measuring patient outcomes.

3. Visit the websites of reputable healthcare organizations or research institutions that focus on patient outcomes measurement. These organizations often provide resources, guidelines, and publications related to the subject. Examples include the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) or the International Society for Quality of Life Research (ISOQOL).

4. Check online bookstores or library catalogs for books that cover patient outcomes measurement. Look for titles that specifically address the topic, such as "Measuring Patient Outcomes: A Practical Guide" or "Patient-Reported Outcomes: Measurement, Implementation, and Interpretation."

By following these steps, you should be able to find a book or resource that delves deeper into the subject of measuring patient outcomes in healthcare.