What gases are in a fluorescent and incandescent bulb?
Old fashioned incandescent lamp bulbs, which are becoming obsolete, are filled with argon. Newer (and brighter) "halogen" incandescent bulbs are filled wth bromine vapor. The bromine allows the tungsten filament to operate at a higher temperature of about 3500 K.
Fluorescent bulbs used to be filled with argon and mercury vapor. More modern and more efficient ones are filled with krypton and mercury vapor. The light comes from the mercury vapor and phosphors on the inner tube wall that re-emit ultraviolet light from the mercury vapor.
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To find out the gases present in fluorescent and incandescent bulbs, we can explore the basic functioning of each type.
1. Fluorescent bulbs:
Fluorescent bulbs work by passing an electric current through a gas-filled tube called a "fluorescent tube." The gas inside the tube is typically a low-pressure mercury vapor. When electricity flows through this vapor, it emits ultraviolet (UV) light. To convert this UV light into visible light, the inside of the tube is coated with phosphors. The phosphors absorb the UV light and re-emit it as visible light.
So, the main gas present in a fluorescent bulb is mercury vapor. Additionally, there might be a small amount of another gas, such as argon or krypton, to help facilitate the electrical discharge within the tube.
2. Incandescent bulbs:
Incandescent bulbs work based on the principle of thermal radiation. When electricity passes through a thin filament (usually made of tungsten) in the bulb, it heats up and emits visible light. Unlike fluorescent bulbs, incandescent bulbs do not contain specific gases for their operation.
In summary, a fluorescent bulb primarily contains low-pressure mercury vapor, with small amounts of argon or krypton, while incandescent bulbs do not require any specific gases.