what kind of electron determines if a compound is covalent or ionic?

The type of electron that determines if a compound is covalent or ionic is the valence electron. Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom. They are involved in the formation of chemical bonds and determine the reactivity and bonding behavior of an atom.

To determine if a compound is covalent or ionic, you need to consider the difference in electronegativity between the atoms involved. Electronegativity is the ability of an atom to attract electrons in a bond. If the electronegativity difference between the atoms is less than 1.7, the bond is considered covalent. If the electronegativity difference is 1.7 or greater, the bond is considered ionic.

To find the electronegativity values of the elements, you can refer to a periodic table or use electronegativity charts. Subtract the lower electronegativity value from the higher electronegativity value. If the difference is less than 1.7, the compound is covalent. If the difference is 1.7 or more, the compound is ionic.

It's important to note that covalent and ionic bonds are on a spectrum, with some compounds having more ionic character and others having more covalent character. The determination of whether a compound is covalent or ionic based on electronegativity is a simplified explanation used as a general guideline.