Which of the following must occur for a plant or animal to grow and develop normally?

and what are the choices?

For a plant or animal to grow and develop normally, several factors must occur:

1. Adequate nutrition: Plants and animals require essential nutrients, such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals, to support their growth and development. These nutrients can be obtained from the environment, either through the soil (plants) or through consuming food (animals).

2. Oxygen: Both plants and animals require oxygen for cellular respiration, which is the process that generates energy for growth and development. Plants obtain oxygen through their leaves, and animals obtain oxygen through respiration.

3. Water: Water is essential for various biological processes, such as nutrient absorption, photosynthesis (in plants), and digestion (in animals). It helps to transport nutrients and waste products within the organism and maintains cellular hydration.

4. Appropriate temperature: Plants and animals have specific temperature requirements for optimal growth and development. Extreme temperatures can hinder their physiological processes and affect their ability to grow properly.

5. Light (for plants): Photosynthesis, which is essential for plant growth, requires light. Plants need an appropriate amount and quality of light to produce carbohydrates for energy.

6. Genetic factors: The genetic makeup of plants and animals plays a crucial role in their growth and development. Specific genes determine the organism's growth rate, physical characteristics, and overall development.

7. Environmental factors: Plants and animals are influenced by their surrounding environment, including factors such as humidity, pH levels, availability of space, and interaction with other organisms. These factors can have significant impacts on their growth and development.

It is important to note that the specific requirements for growth and development can vary among different species of plants and animals. Therefore, it is essential to consider the specific needs of each organism when assessing their growth and development.